干旱河谷区草坡防火工程对坡面径流侵蚀的影响  

Effects of Grassy Slope Fire Prevention Project on Runoff and Sediment Yield in Arid Valleys Area

作　　者：张泽洪[1,2] 贾立志 余建平 陈小南 ZHANG Zehong;JIA Lizhi;YU Jianping;CHEN Xiaonan(School of Geographical Science,China West Normal University,Nanchong,Sichuan 637000;Sichuan Engineering Laboratory of Monitoring and Control for Soil Erosion in Dry Valleys,Nanchong,Sichuan 637000;Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station,Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101;Qianjiangyuan National Park Administration,Kaihua,Zhejiang 324300)

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学地理科学学院,四川南充637000 [2]四川省干旱河谷土壤侵蚀监测与控制工程实验室,四川南充637000 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,拉萨高原生态系统研究站,北京100101 [4]钱江源国家公园管理局,浙江开化324300

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2023年第1期37-44,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：西华师范大学博士科研启动项目(2017E043);国家自然科学基金项目(41807075)。

摘　　要：为探究干旱河谷区草坡防火工程对坡面径流侵蚀的影响,以四川省凉山州的3个27.5°的草地坡面为研究对象,进行流量分别为6,9,12 L/min的模拟冲刷试验。3个坡面的处理为:(1)移除植被地上地下部分,平整坡面代表草坡防火通道;(2)移除植被地上部分代表草坡防火隔离带;(3)未进行处理作为对照。通过收集坡面出口的产流量和产沙量,研究不同的防火工程在不同的放水冲刷流量下分别对坡面径流侵蚀的影响。结果表明:(1)草坡由于修建防火通道导致坡面土质松散,水分入渗量增加,初始产流时间表现为草坡防火通道(20.33 min)>对照坡面(7.62 min)>草坡防火隔离带(5.22 min);(2)3个流量下的累计产流量和累计产沙量均表现为草坡防火通道>草坡防火隔离带>对照坡面,并且随着放水流量的增加3个坡面之间的差异显著增加,表明草坡防火工程的修建加剧陡坡水蚀;(3)对照坡面的产流量和产沙量之间呈线性关系,而草坡防火通道坡面的产流量与产沙量之间的关系呈指数、对数或线性关系,草坡防火隔离带坡面的产流量和产沙量之间呈对数或线性关系,表明草坡防火工程的修建改变水沙之间原有的线性关系。因此,草坡防火工程建设后要特别重视坡面的水土流失问题,研究结果可为干旱河谷区草坡防火工程对水土流失影响及防治措施的实施提供科学参考。To explore the impact of grassy slope fire prevention project on runoff and sediment yield on grassy slope in arid valleys area,a series of sourcing experiments were conducted in three steep slopes of 27.5°in Liangshan Prefecture of Sichuan Province.The flow rates of sourcing experiments were 6,9 and 12 L/min,respectively.The three slopes were treated as follows:(1)Remove vegetation and level the slope to represent the grassy slope fire passage;(2)Remove the aboveground part of the vegetation to represent the grassy slope fire isolation zone;(3)No treatment as a control.The effects of different grassy slope fire prevention project on water erosion under different scouring flow rates were studied by collecting the runoff and sediment at the slope outlet,respectively.The results showed that:(1)Due to the loose soil on the slope and the increase of water infiltration during the construction of the grassy slope fire prevention project,the initial runoff time of the grassy slope fire passage(20.33 min)was larger than that of the control slope(7.62 min)and the grassy slope fire isolation zone(5.22 min).(2)The order of the cumulative runoff and cumulative sediment yield under the three flow rates were as follow:grassy slope fire passage>grassy slope fire isolation zone>control slope.Moreover,the difference between the three slopes increased significantly with the increase of the flow rates.The construction of grassy slope fire prevention project had aggravated the water erosion on the steep slope.(3)There were linear relationships between the runoff and sediment yield on the control slope,while the relationships between the runoff and sediment yield were exponential,logarithmic,or linear for the grassy slope fire passage.The relationships between the runoff and sediment yield for the grassy slope fire isolation zone were logarithmic or linear.The construction of the grass slope fire prevention project has changed the original linear relationships between runoff and sediment yield.Therefore,more attention should be paid

关 键 词：干旱河谷区 防火工程 产流 产沙 草坡 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]