不同改良剂对河套灌区盐碱土入渗特性及水盐分布的影响  

Effects of Different Amendments on Infiltration Characteristics and Soil Water and Salt Distribution of Saline-alkali Soil in Hetao Irrigation District

作　　者：李淑芹[1] 刘宇轩 张美桃 江冰冰 魏琛琛 苏艳平[1] 曾祥[3] LI Shuqin;LIU Yuxuan;ZHANG Meitao;JIANG Bingbing;WEI Chenchen;SU Yanping;ZENG Xiang(College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083;Ulanqab Development Center of Water Conservancy,Ulanqab,Inner Mongolia 012000;Agricultural Water Conservancy Department,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083 [2]乌兰察布市水利事业发展中心,内蒙古乌兰察布012000 [3]长江科学院农业水利研究所,武汉430010

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2023年第1期296-303,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：北京市大学生创新创业训练计划项目(S202110019163);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900600);国家自然科学基金项目(51909265);科技兴蒙项目(2021CG0013)。

摘　　要：为对比研究改良剂对河套灌区盐碱土入渗特性及水盐分布的影响,设置对照组及2种施用水平(1%和2%)下的2种改良剂(生物炭和脱硫石膏)共5组处理,进行室内土柱试验。结果表明:(1)相比于对照组,1%施用量的生物炭能使入渗时间延缓8.9%,抑制水分入渗,降低相同时间内的土壤累积入渗量,2%施用量的生物炭对水分入渗过程起到先抑制后促进的作用,能使入渗时间缩短35.6%,2种施用量的脱硫石膏都能使入渗时间缩短91.1%,促进水分入渗,提高相同时间内的累积入渗量;只有2%施用量的生物炭使最终的累积入渗量大幅增加62.8%。(2)湿润锋运移距离与时间呈幂函数关系,用Kostiakov模型对累积入渗量和时间的关系拟合相对于Philip模型效果更好。(3)相比于对照组,只有1%施用量的生物炭使入渗后的土壤含水率降低2.7%,其余各处理均出现不同程度的增加;2种施用量的生物炭分别使入渗后的土壤含盐量显著降低28.5%和52.0%,但2种施用量的脱硫石膏分别使土壤表层含盐量显著提高184.3%和403.7%,其中2%施用量处理使土壤整体平均含盐量显著提高73.0%。综合考虑各处理改良后的入渗特性、土壤含水率和脱盐效果,2%施用量的生物炭更适用于河套灌区的盐碱土改良。In order to study the effect of amendments on infiltration characteristics and water and salt distribution of saline-alkali soil in Hetao Irrigation District,soil column experiment was carried out under five experimental conditions:control group and two contents(1%and 2%)of two modifiers(biochar and desulfurized gypsum).The results showed that:(1)Compared to the control group,1%biochar made the infiltration time delay 8.9%,inhibited water infiltration,and reduced the amount of cumulative infiltration on the same time,while 2%biochar firstly inhibited and then promoted the process of infiltration,and it made the infiltration time shortened by 35.6%.Both desulfurized gypsum made the infiltration time shortened by 91.1%.They effectively promoted water infiltration and increased the amount of cumulative infiltration on the same time;Only 2%biochar significantly increased the final cumulative infiltration by 62.7%.(2)There was a power function relationship between the migration distance of wet front and time.Kostiakov model described the relationship between cumulative infiltration and time better than Philip model.(3)Compared to the control group,only 1%biochar reduced the soil moisture content by 2.7%after infiltration,while the other treatments had varying degrees of increase.The two application rates of biochar significantly reduced the soil salt content by 28.5%and 52.0%,respectively.However,the two contents of desulfurized gypsum significantly increased the soil surface salt content by 184.3%and 403.7%,respectively.The 2%application rate significantly increased the overall average soil salt content by 73.0%.By comprehensive consideration of the infiltration characteristics,soil moisture content and desalting effect of each treatment,biochar under the content of 2%is more suitable to improve saline-alkali soil in Hetao Irrigation District.

关 键 词：河套灌区 盐碱土 生物炭 脱硫石膏 入渗模型 水盐分布 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]