柘林水库表层沉积物氮、磷、有机质的时空分布及污染评价  

Temporal-spatial distribution and pollution assessment of nitrogen,phosphorus and organic matter in surface sediments of Zhelin Reservoir

作　　者：孟子豪 杨德国[1] 陈康 胡飞飞 刘璐 李学梅[1] MENG Zihao;YANG Deguo;CHEN Kang;HU Feifei;LIU Lu;LI Xuemei(Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China,Wuhan,430223,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,农业农村部淡水鱼类种质资源与生物技术重点实验室,武汉430223

出　　处：《环境化学》2023年第1期138-149,共12页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-46);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费院级湖库增殖渔业创新团队项目(2020TD57)资助.

摘　　要：柘林水库是鄱阳湖流域的大型峡谷型水库,具有水源涵养、洪水调蓄、旅游开发、渔业养殖以及生物多样性保护等重要生态功能.研究其表层沉积物营养盐和有机质的污染特征,对了解其污染生态风险、揭示富营养化的演化规律具有重要意义.于2020年9月、2021年1月、4月和7月对33个监测点的表层沉积物(0―10 cm)进行季度采样,分析了沉积物总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和有机质(OM)的时空分布格局及相关性,并分别运用综合污染指数法(FF)和有机质污染指数法(OI)对其污染现状进行评价.结果表明,柘林水库表层沉积物TN、TP和OM含量范围分别为334―4800 mg·kg^(-1)、98―1900 mg·kg^(-1)和0.2%―8.6%,均值分别为1832.6 mg·kg^(-1)、657.5 mg·kg^(-1)和3.2%,且呈现一定的时空异质性.Pearson相关分析表明,柘林水库沉积物OM与TP、C/N均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),相关系数分别为0.21和0.45,但OM与TN、TP与TN的相关性均不显著(P>0.05),表明沉积物OM与TP有一定的同源性,但与TN的来源不一致.沉积物来源分析表明,柘林水库沉积物有机质具有混合来源,春季和冬季沉积物有机质来源以水生生物为主,下游和库湾区域的陆源输入有机质的贡献则更大.STN、STP、FF和OI指数的范围分别为1.32―3.66、0.65―1.85、1.30―3.11和0.18―0.78,均值分别为1.91、1.11、1.76和0.35,表明柘林水库表层沉积物处于中等污染等级,具有一定的生态污染风险.Zhelin Reservoir is a large canyon reservoir in Poyang Lake basin,which plays an important ecological role in water conservation,flood control,tourism development,fishery culture and biodiversity protection.It is of great significance to study the pollution characteristics of nutrients and organic matter in surface sediments to understand the risk of ecological pollution and reveal the evolution law of eutrophication.The spatial and temporal distribution patterns of total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP)and organic matter(OM)in the surface sediments(0―10 cm)were analyzed with samples collected from 33 monitoring sites in September 2020,January,April and July 2021.The pollution status was evaluated by single,comprehensive and organic matter pollution index,respectively.Results showed that:TN,TP and OM in the surface sediments of Zhelin Reservoir showed certain spatial-temporal heterogeneity,and ranged from 334―4800 mg·kg^(-1),98―1900 mg·kg^(-1) and 0.2%―8.6%with mean values of 1832.6 mg·kg^(-1),657.5 mg·kg^(-1) and 3.2%,respectively.Pearson correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between OM and TP with the correlation coefficients of 0.21 and 0.45,respectively(P<0.05),but no significant correlation between OM and TN,TN and TP in sediments of Zhelin reservoir(P>0.05),indicating that OM and TP had certain homology,but the source of TN was not consistent.Further analysis showed that the organic matter in the sediments of Zhelin Reservoir had mixed sources,the main source of sediment organic matter was aquatic organisms in the spring and winter,while the contribution of terrigenous material inputs to OM was larger in the Lower reaches and reservoir bay.The pollution indices of STN,STP,FF and OI ranged from 1.32―3.66,0.65―1.85,1.30―3.11 and 0.18―0.78,with mean values of 1.91,1.11,1.76 and 0.35,respectively,indicating that there was certain ecological pollution risk in the surface sediments of Zhelin Reservoir with the moderate pollution grade.

关 键 词：表层沉积物 营养物质 时空分布 污染评价 柘林水库. 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]