基于专利计量的科学密集型技术研发特征研究  

Research on the R&D Characteristics of Science Intensive Technology Based on Patentometrics

作　　者：逯万辉[1] Lu Wanhui

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院中国社会科学评价研究院,北京100732

出　　处：《情报理论与实践》2023年第2期40-48,共9页Information Studies:Theory & Application

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“主题级学科交叉性测度与学科交叉主题识别方法研究”的成果,项目编号:20CTQ027。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]研究技术研发特征规律是科学认识技术创新演变与技术创新速度的前提,也是从宏观和中观层面进行国家科技战略布局与企业技术路线规划设计的基础。[方法/过程]以美国专利商标局1991—2020年间授权的约649万条发明专利文档及其1.46亿条引文数据为样本,基于专利被引延展性和施引源散性、被引时滞和被引速度等指标,对科学密集型技术领域的知识来源结构和技术创新速度等进行度量,并基于P指数对该领域的国际技术竞争格局进行评价。[结果/结论]在科学密集型技术领域内部,不同子技术领域的知识来源结构、技术创新速度等均存在较大差异,需要实施差异化的技术研发布局与政策支持;在该类技术领域的国际竞争格局中,中国大陆地区在美专利布局的比较优势相对较弱,尚未出现明显的“路径依赖”优势技术领域,持续稳定的相对技术优势领域仍不突出。需要根据各技术领域的特点,协调制定科学密集型技术子领域的知识产权政策和产业升级策略,增强自主创新能力,加快高质量专利研发与战略布局,着力维护我国在相关领域的供应链与产业链安全,不断提升国际竞争力。[Purpose/significance]Research on the patent citation characteristic distribution is the premise of understanding the evolution and speed of technological innovation,as well as the basis of national science and technology strategic layout and enterprise technology route planning from macro and medium level.[Method/process]Using a sample of 6.49 million invention patent documents and 146 million citations authorized by the United States Patent and Trademark Office between 1991 and 2020,based on the generality,originality,cited delay and citation speed index,measured the structure of knowledge source and the speed of technology innovation in the field of science-intensive technology and also evaluated the international technology competition pattern based on p-index.[Result/conclusion]In the field of science-intensive technology,there are great differences in knowledge source structure and technology innovation speed among different sub-technologies,which require differentiated technology R&D layout and policy support.In the international competitive landscape,Chinese Mainland has relatively weak comparative advantage in patent distribution in the United States,technology field with sustained and stable relative technological advantages are still not prominent.According to the characteristics of each technology field,we should strengthen our capacity for independent innovation,accelerate high-quality patent research and development and strategic layout,to safeguard the safety of China’s supply chain and industry chain in relevant fields,and constantly enhance our international competitiveness.

关 键 词：专利计量 科学密集型技术 专利引文 被引时滞 技术创新 国际技术竞争 

分 类 号：G255.53[文化科学—图书馆学]