复合固体碳源强化农村生活污水处理工艺脱氮性能及其功能性菌群研究  

ENHANCEMENT OF COMPOSITE SOLID CARBON SOURCES ON NITROGEN REMOVAL PERFORMANCE OF A RURAL DOMESTIC SEWAGE TREATMENT PROCESS AND FUNCTIONAL BACTERIAL COMMUNITY

作　　者：蒋严波 凌威 韦纯忠 韦愿 吴春凤 王超 孟凡刚 JIANG Yanbo;LING Wei;WEI Chunzhong;WEI Yuan;WU Chunfeng;WANG Chao;MENG Fangang(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275,China;Guangxi Beitou Environmental Protection&Water Group Co.,Ltd,Nanning 530029,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学环境科学与工程学院,广州510275 [2]广西北投环保水务集团有限公司,南宁530029

出　　处：《环境工程》2022年第10期62-70,共9页Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51878675)。

摘　　要：针对农村生活污水低碳氮比(C/N)限制反硝化脱氮效果的问题,采用复合固体碳源强化SBR工艺(SCS-SBR)对实际农村水利枢纽污水及村庄污水进行处理,并对特定功能性菌群进行深入分析,发现通过投加PHBV+秸秆复合固体碳源可以有效提高SBR工艺的反硝化能力。结果表明:SCS-SBR工艺稳定运行期出水ρ(COD)、ρ(NH^(+)_(4)-N)和ρ(TN)均保持在25.0,0.4,5.0 mg/L以下,其中村庄污水的TN去除率达到83.1%。微生物测序结果表明,复合固体碳源的投加促进SCS-SBR工艺筛选出特定功能性微生物。不同于传统活性污泥中的硝化细菌(Nitrosomonas)与反硝化细菌(Pseudomonas),SCS-SBR工艺中硝化功能菌主要是norank_f_JG30-KF-CM45,反硝化功能菌主要为Thermomonas和Rubrivivax,其中,Thermomonas的相对丰度在未加固体碳源阶段(AS1、AS2)未检测出(含量过低),在添加固体碳源阶段(SCS1、SCS2)其相对丰度为2.54%和7.55%。此外,活性污泥中好氧型和氧胁迫耐受型菌属Nakamurella的相对丰度由AS1、AS2中的44.52%和57.66%锐减到SCS1、SCS2中的1.06%和0.86%,表明工艺内不能利用固体碳源的微生物被逐渐淘汰。因此,PHBV+秸秆复合固体碳源在规避液体碳源缺陷的同时,能有效提高SBR工艺的反硝化能力,并对系统内功能性微生物进行有效筛选,从而为农村生活污水处理提供了理论基础和技术支持。For the low carbon nitrogen ratio(C/N) of rural domestic sewage limited the denitrification course,a sequencing batch reactor(SBR) process enhanced by composite solid carbon sources(SCS-SBR) was used to improve the treatment efficiency of rural domestic sewage(compost of water diversion project sewage and village sewage).The unique functional bacterial community was also thoroughly examined during the operation of SCS-SBR.The denitrification capacity of the SBR process could be effectively improved by incorporating composite solid carbon sources(PHBV+straw).The experimental results showed that the effluent COD,NH^(+)_(4)-N and TN concentrations remained below 25.0,0.4,and 5.0 mg/L throughout the stable operation of the SCS-SBR process,respectively,and TN removal efficiency of village sewage reached 83.1%.Following the addition of SCS to SBR,Illumina sequencing analysis revealed that some unique functional bacteria were screened out.In contrast to the nitrifying bacteria(Nitrosomonas) and the denitrifying bacteria(Pseudomonas) in the traditional activated sludge,the nitrifying bacteria in the SCS-SBR process was norank_f_JG30-KF-CM45,and the denitrifying functional bacteria were Thermomonas and Rubrivax.The relative abundance of Thermomonas increased from undetectable in the stage without solid carbon sources(AS1 and AS2),to 2.54% and 7.55% in the stage with solid carbon sources(SCS1 and SCS2),respectively.Furthermore,the relative abundance of an aerobic and oxygen stress-tolerant bacteria in the activated sludge,Nakamurella decreased dramatically from 44.52% and 57.66% in AS1 and AS2,to 1.06% and 0.86% in SCS1 and SCS2,respectively,indicating that microorganisms that cannot utilize solid carbon sources in the process were gradually eliminated.In conclusion,composite solid carbon sources(PHBV+straw) could eliminate the flaws of liquid carbon sources,improve the denitrification capacity of the SBR process and efficiently screen the functional microorganisms in the system.This study provides a theoretical basis and

关 键 词：农村生活污水 低碳氮比 复合固体碳源 SCS-SBR工艺 功能性菌群 

分 类 号：X799.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]