从连读变调确定吴语等方言中某些单字的调类——以浙江义乌方言为例  

Determining the Tonality of Some Single Characters in Wu and Other Dialects from Tone Sandhi——A Case Study of Yiwu Dialect in Zhejiang Province

作　　者：金有景[1] Jin Youjing

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院民族学与人类学研究所

出　　处：《国学学刊》2022年第4期17-25,138,共10页Research in the Traditions of Chinese Culture

摘　　要：在汉语方言中,虽然有些方言的变调情况比较简单,但是有些则十分复杂,如吴语、福建方言和其他一些地方的方言。在变调情况复杂的方言中,对于一些口语里不太单说的单字的调类调查,是比较困难的。由于有的字在口语中通常很少单说,甚至根本不能单说,所以发音合作人很难确定它的单字调。即使有的发音合作人可以勉强说出它的单字调,但是一般来说不可靠者居多,所以不能轻易相信发音合作人的读法。方言调查者需要自己做出分析,同时进一步核对。作者通过多年的汉语方言调查实践,提出了从连读变调角度入手调查和确定单字调的方法:把需要核对的单字,摆到连读变调的环境里去,看它的表现应该属于哪一个调类。作者以浙江义乌方言为例,通过对七个难以判断单字调的实例的具体分析,对这一调查方法做了探讨。In Chinese dialects, some dialects have relatively simple modulation, while others are very complex, such as Wu, Fujian and some other local dialects. In these situations, it is difficult to investigate the tonality of single Characters that are not quite monosyllabic in the spoken language. Since some words are usually rarely, or even can not be spoken alone, it is difficult for pronunciation partner to determine its single word tone. Even if some pronunciation partners can barely say its single word tone, most of them are unreliable, so we can’t easily trust the pronunciation. Dialect investigators need to make their own analysis,and further check. Based on many years of Chinese dialect investigation, the author puts forward a method of investigating and determining the tone of a single character from the perspective of tone sandhi: put the words that need to be checked in the tone Sandhi environment to see which tone category its performance should belong to. Taking Yiwu dialect in Zhejiang Province as an example, the author probes into this investigation method through the concrete analysis of seven examples which are difficult to judge single tone.

关 键 词：吴语 福建方言 浙江义乌方言 单字调 连读变调 调类 

分 类 号：H173[语言文字—汉语]