北京2022年冬奥会与东京2020年奥运会新冠肺炎疫情防控策略对比分析  

Comparative analysis on the countermeasure strategies against COVID-19 for the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games and the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Summer Games

作　　者：沈莹 霍达[2] 冯兆民 吕若然 周涛[4] 佟颖[5] 王全意[5] 庞星火[5] 黄春[5] Shen Ying;Huo Da;Feng Zhaomin;Lyu Ruoran;Zhou Tao;Tong Ying;Wang Quanyi;Pang Xinghuo;Huang Chun(Beijing Office of Center for Global Health,Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China;Institute for Infectious Disease and Endemic Disease Control,Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China;Center Office,Beijing Econmic Technological Development Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100176;Institute for Immunization and Prevention,Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China;Center Office,Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心北京全球健康中心办公室,100013 [2]北京市疾病预防控制中心传染病地方病控制所,100013 [3]北京经济技术开发区疾病预防控制中心中心办公室,100013 [4]北京市疾病预防控制中心免疫预防所,100013 [5]北京市疾病预防控制中心中心办公室,100013

出　　处：《国际病毒学杂志》2022年第6期501-506,共6页International Journal of Virology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFF0306003);科技创新2030—重大项目(2021ZD0114103)。

摘　　要：目的初步对比分析东京2020年奥运会和残奥会(简称"东京奥运会")和北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会(简称"北京冬奥会")所采用的新冠疫情防控策略异同,总结两届奥运会疫情防控经验。方法系统收集北京冬奥会、东京奥运会、国际奥委会、世界卫生组织官方网站资料和学术期刊公开发表数据,对主办国采取的赛事防控策略和防控效果等进行比较。结果两届奥运会均采用了"闭环管理"或"防疫泡泡",而北京冬奥会采用全流程闭环管理,将赛事参与人员与本地人员完全分开。东京奥运会采用唾液抗原初筛加鼻咽拭子PCR核酸复测,并针对四类赛事参与人员采用不同检测频次;北京冬奥会采用口咽拭子PCR核酸初筛加鼻咽拭子PCR核酸复测,环内全部人员每日检测。北京冬奥会进一步要求佩戴N95或同等防护水平口罩。北京冬奥会还另外提出完成全程疫苗接种或集中隔离21 d后才可进入闭环。结论北京冬奥会和东京奥运会针对各自情境均取得了良好的防控效果,可为传染病大流行背景下大型集会筹办工作提供借鉴。Objective To compare and analyze preliminarily the countermeasure strategies against coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Summer Games(Tokyo 2020 Games)and Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games(Beijing 2022 Games),and to summarize the experience obtained from the two Games.Methods Public available data were collected from the official websites of Beijing 2022 Games,Tokyo 2020 Games,International Olympic Committee and World Health Organization,as well as publications in academic journals.The countermeasure strategies applied by the host countries and at Games time as well as the effectiveness were compared.Results The'Closed-loop Management’or'Bubble Regime’was employed in the two Games.The Closed-loop Management of Beijing 2022 Games covered the whole journey of the participants who were completely apart from the local residents.In Tokyo 2020 Games,COVID-19 antigen tests of saliva were adopted for screening followed by PCR tests of nasopharyngeal swab samples as the confirmation.The test frequencies were in line with the four types of participants.In Beijing 2022 Games,daily PCR tests for oropharyngeal swab samples were conducted for screening to all individuals in the closed loop followed by PCR tests for nasopharyngeal swab samples as the confirmation.In addition,participants of Beijing 2022 Games were required to wear N95 respirator or face masks of equivalent protection.Furthermore,only the participants with full vaccination or completion of 21-day isolation were allowed to enter the closed loop in Beijing 2022 Games.Conclusions The countermeasure strategies of Beijing 2022 Games and Tokyo 2020 Games were developed on their specific situations and achieved noticeable effects.These provided references for preparedness of future mass-gathering events within the period of infectious disease pandemic.

关 键 词：大型集会 防控策略 新型冠状病毒肺炎 奥运会 

分 类 号：R563.1[医药卫生—呼吸系统] R181.8[医药卫生—内科学]