基于优化MaxEnt模型的原麝生境适宜性评价  

Habitat Suitability Assessment for Moschus moschiferus Based on Optimized MaxEnt Model

作　　者：王佩 李英杰 袁家根 耿盼 李蕊 WANG Pei;LI Yingjie;YUAN Jiagen;GENG Pan;LI Rui(Shaanxi Provincial Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Xi’an,710061,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省环境科学研究院,西安710061

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2023年第1期38-45,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：陕西省2021年环保专项资金项目(陕西省黄河流域陆域和干流生物多样性调查评估);陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目(2017KRM160)。

摘　　要：为了解原麝(Moschus moschiferus)适宜生境的空间分布及生境需求,对其栖息地管理和保护提供科学依据,以陕西宜川原麝省级自然保护区为研究区域,应用GIS结合保护区红外相机、野外实测原麝分布点数据,利用R语言对MaxEnt模型优化后建模,对保护区原麝栖息地适宜性进行评价并分析各变量因子的权重值。结果表明:模型预测结果良好,保护区内原麝适宜栖息地面积约为61.36 km^(2),占保护区总面积的30.75%;次适宜栖息地面积约为100.32 km^(2),占保护区总面积的50.28%;不适宜栖息地面积约为37.86 km^(2),占保护区总面积的18.97%。植被类型、海拔、坡度和距河流距离是贡献率排前4的环境因子。保护区内人为因素干扰比较小,原麝在针阔混交林、海拔1 200~1 500 m和坡度20°以上的生境中出现概率较高,建议根据生境适宜性调整保护区范围(尤其是实验区范围),并在山体之间建立廊道,加强对原麝及其生境的保护。In order to understand the spatial distribution of suitable habitats and the habitat requirements of Moschus moschiferus, scientific basis for habitat management and conversation is provided in the study. The study was conducted in the Yichuan M. moschiferus Provincial Nature Reserve, and used the GIS and MaxEnt model optimized by R language tool to evaluate the suitability of M. moschiferus habitat and then further analyze the weight values of each environmental factors.Species distribution data was obtained by using infrared cameras and by direct filed observations. The results showed that the model was robust, and suitable habitat, sub-suitable habitat and unsuitable habitat area were 61. 36 km^(2), 100. 32 km^(2) and 37. 86 km^(2) respectively, accounting for 30. 75%, 50. 28% and 18. 97% areas of the nature reserve. Vegetation form, altitude, slope and distance to river were the top four environmental factors. Furthermore, human disturbance was relatively small. High probability of M. moschiferus occurrence was in a coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, with an altitude of 1,200-1,500 m and slope greater than 20°. Based on the information mentioned above, it is recommended for department of nature reserve management to adjust the range of nature reserve(especially experimental zone) accordingly and to establish corridors between mountains, so as to strengthen protection for M. moschiferus and habitats.

关 键 词：原麝 MaxEnt模型 生境适宜性 环境因子 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]