齐齐哈尔百鸟湖鸭类空间分布及鸟击预防对策  

Spatial Distribution of Anatidae and Bird Strike Prevention Strategies in Bainiao Lake, Qiqihar

作　　者：张美琦 严雪洁 许青[1] ZHANG Meiqi;YAN Xuejie;XU Qing(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2023年第1期132-139,共8页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

摘　　要：齐齐哈尔市百鸟湖湿地鸟类资源丰富,栖息着数量庞大的鸭科(Anatidae)鸟类。鸭科鸟类体型较大,集群活动,对紧邻的齐齐哈尔机场飞行安全具有较大的鸟击隐患。2020年7月—2021年6月,使用样点法对百鸟湖湿地鸭类组成及数量进行调查;2021年4—5月采集当地13种鸭类共计16 571个分布位点,使用ArcMap 10.3.1以最小凸多边形法(MCP)划定鸭类分布区域,通过叠加分析功能提取鸭类分布区环境因子数据,对鸭类分布数量及分布区环境数据之间关系建立广义线性混合模型(GLMM),分析当地鸭科鸟类空间分布和栖息地的生态因子偏好。结果表明:(1)全年记录鸭类18种,12 385只;鸭类优势种为绿头鸭(Anas platyrhynchos)、斑嘴鸭(A.zonorhyncha)、罗纹鸭(Mareca falcata)、赤膀鸭(M.strepera)、普通秋沙鸭(Mergus merganser)和红头潜鸭(Aythya ferina),数量占总数90%以上。(2)春秋鸟类迁徙季节鸭类数量形成峰值,秋季(10月)鸭类数量达到最高峰,数量是春季峰值的2.72倍;夏季当地繁殖鸟类有7种;因冬季局部水面不结冰,当地仍有2种越冬鸭类滞留。(3)以最小凸多边形法计算鸭类的空间分布斑块,使用95%MCP呈现结果显示,研究区域共计有84个鸭类分布斑块,斑块总面积为0.693 km2,占研究区域总面积的7.88%。(4)GLMM分析结果表明,与鸭类分布数量显著相关的环境因子为植被覆盖率、距人工道路距离、距岸边距离和距明水面距离。研究结果可为机场鸟情预测提供参考,建议采取分区管理对策进行鸟击防范生态治理。Qiqihar Bainiao Lake Wetland is rich in bird resources, inhabiting a large number of ducks(Anatidae). Ducks are large in size and appear in group, which has a great potential for bird strike to the flight safety of the Qiqihar Airport.From July 2020 to June 2021, this study investigated the duck composition and population fluctuation at the Bainiao Lake Wetland in Qiqihar, using point sampling method. From April to May 2021, 13 species of ducks were recorded, with a total of 16,571 distribution sites. The distribution area of ducks was demarcated with the minimum convex polygon(MCP) method using ArcMap 10. 3. 1. The environmental factors data of the ducks distribution area was extracted through the superposition analysis function. The generalized linear mixed model(GLMM) was established for the correlation between the distribution quantity of ducks and the environmental data of the distribution area to analyze the spatial distribution of ducks and the habitat preference. The results showed that :(1) 18 species and 12,358 ducks were recorded. The dominant species are mallard(Anas platyrhynchos), eastern spot-billed duck(A. zonorhyncha), falcated duck(Mareca falcata), gadwall(M.strepera), common merganser(Mergus merganser) and common pochard(Aythya ferina), accounting for more than 90%of the total.(2) The number of ducks peaked in the migratory seasons spring and autumn. The number of ducks was the largest in autumn(October), which was 2. 72 times greater than that in spring. In summer, there were seven species of breeding bird species. There were still two kinds of ducks recorded in winter because part of the lake did not freeze.(3) In this study, the minimum convex polygon method was used to calculate the spatial distribution patches of ducks, which were presented using 95% MCP. The results showed that there were 84 distribution patches in the study area, with a total area of 0. 693 km~2, accounting for 7. 88% of the study area.(4) The results of GLMM analysis showed that the environmental factors that significan

关 键 词：鸭科 空间分布 生境因子利用 鸟击防范对策 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]