海南大田国家级自然保护区蟒种群动态及进食研究  

Research on Predation Behavior of Python bivittatus in Hainan Datian National Nature Reserve

作　　者：符明利 FU Mingli(Hainan Datian National Nature Reserve Administration,Dongfang,572625,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大田国家级自然保护区管理局,东方572625

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2023年第1期140-145,共6页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

摘　　要：为了解海南大田国家级自然保护区蟒(Python bivittatus)与坡鹿(Rucervus eldii)等野生动物之间的种群关系,在2012—2021年对该保护区蟒实施监测,采用全事件记录法对蟒种群动态、进食动物种类、进食节律和进食生境进行研究,共记录到蟒实体133条,记录到蟒进食野生动物63件。研究表明:蟒种群数量因区内猎物增多呈逐年上升趋势。空间分布上,59条(44.36%)蟒位于鹅炸河管理站,25条(18.80%)位于公建坡管理站,48条(36.09%)位于罗鼓山管理站,1条(0.75%)位于英梅管理站。蟒捕食的野生动物包括赤麂(Muntiacus vaginalis)、坡鹿、野猪(Sus scrofa)、海南兔(Lepus hainanus)和赤腹松鼠(Callosciurus erythraeus),进食频率分别为4.76%、90.47%、1.59%、1.59%和1.59%,其中坡鹿幼崽(84.12%)为蟒最主要的捕食对象。07:00—13:00和19:00—次日01:00是蟒进食高峰期(68.26%),01:00—07:00和13:00—19:00进食明显减少(31.74%)。蟒进食行为发生的主要生境为低平地热带草原(49.21%),其后依次为灌丛草地(25.40%)、有刺灌丛(15.87%)和人工草地(9.52%)。研究结果可为深入了解蟒种群现状及进食特征,探讨蟒对坡鹿种群的影响提供科学依据。In this study, Burmese python(Python bivittaus) was monitored in Datian National Nature Reserve from 2012 to 2021, and the population dynamic of P. bivittaus, as well as its foraging rhythm and corresponding habitats were studied using the whole-event recording method. A total of 133 P. bivittaus entities were recorded, of which 63 were predation events. The results showed that population size of P. bivittaus increased annually due to the increase of prey in the area.In terms of spatial distribution: 59(44. 36%) P. bivittaus were detected at the Ezhahe River Management Station, 25(18. 80%) at the Gongjianpo Management Station, 48(36. 09%) at the Luogu Mountain Management Station and 1(0. 75%) at the Yingmei Management Station. The prey species of P. bivittaus include Muntiacus vaginalis, Rucervus eldii, Sus scrofa, Lepus hainanus, Callosciurus erythraeus, and the foraging frequencies were 4. 76%, 90. 47%, 1. 59%, 1. 59%and 1. 59%, respectively. Rucervus eldii cubs(84. 12%) were the most important food source of Python bivittaus. The peak feeding period was at 07:00-13:00 and 19:00-01:00(68. 26%), and the feeding activities decreased significantly at 01:00-07:00 and 13:00-19:00(31. 74%). P. bivittaus preferred tropical lowland grassland(49. 21%) as the main habitat for feeding behavior, followed by shrub grassland(25. 40%), shrub with prickles(15. 87%) and artificial grassland(9. 52%). This study provides a basis for in-depth understanding of the current status of P. bivittaus population and the characteristics of predatory behavior, and provides a scientific basis for exploring the impact of P. bivittaus on the Rucervus eldii population in Hainan Datian National Nature Reserve.

关 键 词：蟒 种群动态 捕食行为 活动节律 大田国家级自然保护区 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]