河南董寨再引入朱鹮的巢址选择  

The Nest-Site Selection of the Reintroduced Crested Ibis in Dongzhai, Henan Province

作　　者：朱家贵 黄治学 王科 蔡德靖 祝文平 席学博 王代平 ZHU Jiagui;HUANG Zhixue;WANG Ke;CAI Dejing;ZHU Wenping;XI Xuebo;WANG Daiping(Administration Bureau of Dongzhai National Nature Reserve,Xinyang,464000,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100101,China)

机构地区：[1]罗山县董寨国家级自然保护区管理局,信阳464000 [2]动物生态与保护生物学院重点实验室,中国科学院动物研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2023年第1期192-197,共6页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32270452)。

摘　　要：为有针对性地制定朱鹮(Nipponia nippon)保护计划,促进朱鹮再引入,壮大野外种群规模,2014—2019年7—11月,对河南董寨再引入朱鹮的35个巢址及其周边3 m×3 m样方的22个生境特征进行观察、测量和记录。结果表明:大多数巢筑于针阔混交林(n=23)和针叶林(n=10)。在野化放飞初期,朱鹮对营巢树种选择相对多样,但后期对大别山低山区马尾松(Pinus massoniana)显现明显的偏好(n=27,占81.8%)。筑巢树的平均胸径(35.53±9.82)cm,平均高度(16.07±2.27)m,巢距地面平均高度(12.58±1.70)m (n=33)。各巢间主要在巢树胸径大小、巢址距觅食地或乡县交通干道远近以及巢点上下郁闭度等方面存在明显差异。巢位大多数选择在树中位(n=18)或上位(n=11)。巢距交通干道较近对朱鹮繁殖孵化有一定干扰,巢距觅食地远近对朱鹮幼鸟的成活率有较大影响。本研究揭示了再引入野化放飞朱鹮的巢址选择规律,对朱鹮保护工作具有一定的参考意义。To assist conservationists make specific protection plans for the crested ibis(Nipponia nippon), promote the reintroduction success and increase its wild population size, we sampled 35 nest sites within 3 m×3 m quadrats to measure 22 habitat features from July to November during 2014-2019 in Dongzhai, Henan Province. Our results showed that the majority of nests were built in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests(n=23) and coniferous forests(n=10). At the early stage of rewilding, crested ibis had relatively diverse choices for nesting trees. At the later stage, however, they showed a clear preference for Pinus massoniana(n=27, 81. 8%) in the low Dabie Mountain. The average diameter at breast-height of the nesting trees was(35. 53±9. 82) cm, the average height was(16. 07±2. 27) m, and the average height of the nest from the ground was(12. 58±1. 70) m(n=33). There were significant differences among diameters at breast height of the nesting trees, distance to the foraging sites from the nesting trees, distance to road, and the upper and lower canopy size at the nesting sites. Most nest sites were selected in the middle(n=18) or upper(n=11) positions of the trees. And nests adjacent to roads would interfere with the hatching success. Furthermore, distance to the foraging sites from the nesting trees had a significant impact on the survival rate of the young. This study further enhances the understanding of crested ibis nest site selection and provides certain reference significance for crested ibis conservation.

关 键 词：朱鹮 再引入 巢址选择 河南董寨 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]