路德对主体性的发现及其意义  

Martin Luther’s Discovery of Subjectivity and Its Significance

作　　者：卓新平[1] ZHUO Xin-ping(Institute of World Religions,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界宗教研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《海南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第1期1-10,F0002,共11页Journal of Hainan University （Humanities & Social Sciences）

摘　　要：本文探究马丁·路德神学思想在宗教改革中的突破,尤其是他对人的主体性的发现及其意义,指出路德强调耶稣是通过“真正的人”来体现“真正的神”,以人与神可以互通来实际上提升人的地位;因此,路德以“因信称义”而回到个人的信仰之基,回到人的“自我”,突出人的信心,主张“只靠信心成义”,从而突出人的内在自我及主观能动性,由此开始在神学认知上从客体往主体、从神权往人权、从神学往人学、从依赖到自主的重要思想转换;而其对“称义”的见解也更多侧重于人爱公义、智慧和善良,体现出信仰的美德,彰显的是人靠主体去倾听、传承,由此得道称义;这样,“称义”不是外在的被动依赖,而乃内在的能动活跃,而“信”则是完全回归自我,表现人的内在纯洁和虔诚。路德坚持人只要凭着主体之信就能“称义”“成义”,力主以这种“人的发现”来实现“人的解放”。This paper explores the breakthrough of Martin Luther’s theological thought in the Reformation,especially his discovery of human subjectivity and its significance. Luther emphasizes that Jesus incarnates "true God" through "true human being", and the human position can actually be promoted on the basis of intercommunication between man and God. Thus, Luther’s theory of "justification by faith" returns to the basis of personal faith, and the "self" of human, which gives prominence to human faith. Furthermore, this proposition puts stress on man’s inner self and subjective initiative, which starts the important transformation of thought from object to subject, from theocracy to human rights, from theology to human studies and from dependence to autonomy in the theological cognition. Luther’s interpretation of "justification" also focuses on human love of justice, as well as wisdom and kindness, reflecting the virtue of faith while highlighting the human subjectivity for listening and inheritance till the acquisition of justification. Thus, "justification" shouldn’t be a passive external dependence, but an internal dynamic activity while "faith" should be a complete return to self and express the human internal purity and piety. Martin Luther insists that man could realize "justification" just through subjective faith, and aims at "human emancipation" by such a "discovery of human being".

关 键 词：主体性 因信称义 宗教改革 

分 类 号：B920[哲学宗教—宗教学]