建构中国特色自由贸易港国际航运反垄断豁免制度初探  

A Preliminary Study of the Anti-Trust Exemption System of International Shipping in the Construction of Free Trade Port with Chinese Characteristics

作　　者：汪梦晗 王崇敏[1] WANG Meng-han;WANG Chong-min(Law School,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学法学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《海南大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第1期36-47,共12页Journal of Hainan University （Humanities & Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA156);海南省马克思主义理论研究和建设工程专项课题重点项目(2021HNMGC02);海南省社会科学基金重点项目(HD-SKY-2022064)。

摘　　要：对国际航运业提供反垄断豁免是国际惯例,然而我国《反垄断法》和《国际海运条例》未对该问题作明确规定,存在重大疏漏。中国特色自由贸易港国际航运反垄断豁免制度应定位为高水平和探索性、示范性的国际航运反垄断豁免制度。海南自由贸易港可以利用自由贸易港法规制定权制定地方性的反垄断豁免制度,在严格限制豁免条件的前提下为运营协议提供集体豁免。具体内容包括:一是采取集体豁免的豁免模式;二是将豁除协议的类型限定为运营协议;三是规定豁除协议应满足的条件,如不得涉及讨论、商议、固定运价的内容,不得限制、禁止国际船舶运输经营者独立订立运输合同等;四是建构集体豁免的配套机制。海南自由贸易港还要建立国际航运联营体的豁免规则,规定紧密型联营体和松散型联营体的判别标准。It is an international practice to provide the anti-trust exemption for the international shipping industry.The Anti-Monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on International Ocean Shipping don’t make clear this issue, which is a major omission. The anti-trust exemption system for international shipping in the free trade ports with Chinese characteristics should be positioned as a high-level, exploratory and exemplary anti-trust exemption system for international shipping.Hainan Free Trade Port can make use of the power of enactment for the free trade port laws and regulations to formulate the local anti-trust exemption system, and provide the block exemption for operating agreements under the premise of strictly limited exemption conditions. Specific contents are supposed to include: First,the block exemption can be adopted as the exemption mode;Second, the type of excluded agreement is limited to the operating agreement;The third is to explicitly exclude the conditions that the agreement should meet,such as no involvement of the contents of discussion, negotiation, and fixed freight rate, and no restriction or prohibition of international boat shipping operators from independently concluding transport contracts;The fourth is to build a supporting mechanism for block exemption. Hainan Free Trade Port should also establish the exemption rules for international shipping joint ventures and clarify the criteria for identifying the tight joint ventures and the loose ones.

关 键 词：自由贸易港 反垄断豁免 国际航运协议 国际航运联营体 集体豁免 

分 类 号：D996.19[政治法律—经济法学]