关税摩擦与全球价值链双向参与——基于43个国家的行业数据检验  

Tariff Friction and Two-Way Participation in Global Value Chains:An Industry Data Test Based on 43 Countries

作　　者：冼国明[1] 陈依楠 汪建新[3] Xian Guoming;Chen Yinan;Wang Jianxin(Center for Research on Transnational Corporations,Nankai University,Tianjin 300110,China;Institute for International Economics,Nankai University,Tianjin 300110,China;International Business School,Shanghai University of International Business and Economics,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学跨国公司研究中心,300110 [2]南开大学国际经济研究所,300110 [3]上海对外经贸大学国际经贸学院,201620

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2022年第10期19-36,共18页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“全球经济不确定下促进国内国际双循环有效联动的机制及路径研究”(21BJL016)的资助。

摘　　要：在中美贸易摩擦的大背景下,本文使用2000—2014年43个国家56个行业的三维面板数据,研究了关税水平对行业价值链双向参与的影响及其相匹配的影响机制。我们使用工具变量两阶段回归模型以解决可能存在的内生性问题,同时采用不同的价值链双向参与计算指标等方法确保本文结论稳健可靠,发现关税的降低有利于增加行业的价值链双向参与。在影响机制方面,立足两类价值链参与驱动特性视角进行研究,发现削减关税会促进研发投入和高技能劳动力相对工资的增加,最终导致具有创新驱动特性的价值链前向参与的增加,而另一方面又会推进以劳动力为代表的要素投入增加,推动具有要素驱动特性的价值链后向参与。在政策建议方面,政府(尤其是发展中国家政府)比起设立贸易保护壁垒,优化外交布局是更好的帮扶企业手段。当不得不采取贸易保护措施时,政府应注重保护效应和去全球化负面效应二者间的权衡,避免因保护过当抑制企业全球化发展。在制定政策手段促进企业价值链参与时,政府尤应注重企业的技术发展状况,出台相关政策进行创新激励,从而达到促进企业价值链前向参与的目的。In the context of ChinaUS trade friction,this paper uses threedimensional panel data of 56 industries in 43 countries from 2000 to 2014 to study the influence of tariff level on twoway participation of industry value chain and its matching influence mechanism.In this study,we use the twostage regression model with instrumental variables to solve the possible endogeneity problems.At the same time,different value chain twoway participation calculation indicators are used to ensure the robustness and reliability of the conclusions of this paper.The study finds that the reduction of tariffs is conducive to improving the twoway participation of the industry in the value chain.From the perspective of the drive characteristics of the two types of value chains participation,this paper finds that tariff reduction will promote the increase of R&D investment and the relative wage of highly skilled labor,and eventually lead to the increase of innovationdriven forward participation in the value chain.On the other hand,tariff reduction will promote the increase of factor input represented by labor and promote the backward participation of the value chain with factordriven characteristics.In terms of policy recommendations,governments(especially in developing countries)can better help enterprises by optimizing diplomatic arrangements than by erecting trade barriers.When the government has to take trade protection measures,it should pay attention to the balance between the protection effect and the negative effect of deglobalization,so as to avoid inhibiting the development of enterprise globalization due to excessive protection.When formulating policy means to promote enterprises'participation in the value chain,the government should pay particular attention to the technological development status of enterprises and issue relevant policies to encourage innovation,so as to achieve the purpose of promoting enterprises'forward participation in the value chain.

关 键 词：关税摩擦 价值链双向参与 机制研究 

分 类 号：F745[经济管理—国际贸易] F113[经济管理—产业经济]