远C波段紫外线消毒的原理及应用前景  

Principles and application perspective of far UV-C disinfection

作　　者：李梦凯[1] 王佳乐 孙喆 李文涛[1] 孙文俊[3] 强志民[1,2] LI Mengkai;WANG Jiale;SUN Zhe;LI Wentao;SUN Wenjun;QIANG Zhimin(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,环境水质学国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100190 [3]清华大学环境学院,北京100084

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2022年第11期3530-3537,共8页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(52091545);环境模拟与污染控制国家重点实验室课题(20Z01ESPCR,21L02ESPC)。

摘　　要：紫外线(UV)是一种高效、绿色的消毒技术,广泛应用于气、水和物体表面的病原微生物灭活。远C波段UV (远UV-C,200~230 nm)消毒所需剂量辐照对人体的伤害尚未被发现,表明远UV-C具备人机共存原位消毒的潜力,因此该技术近期受到关注。概述了远UV-C光源、灭活机制和辐照安全性方面的研究进展:输出主峰位和半峰宽分别为222 nm和4 nm的KrCl准分子灯是最为成熟的消毒用远UV-C光源;远UV-C通过蛋白质损伤和核酸干扰2种途径实现病原微生物灭活,灭活能力较传统UV-C (如254 nm)更强;尚未发现消毒所需剂量的远UV-C辐照导致的健康危害,如红斑和角膜炎。而在实际应用中,应谨慎对待高剂量远UV-C辐照暴露,确保在现有实验证据基础上,逐步提高远UV-C安全使用的剂量阈值,并考虑与通风系统或臭氧淬灭系统协同使用以避免伴生臭氧造成的二次伤害。本文旨在为远UV-C在高效灭活病原微生物、阻断高传染性疾病传播领域的应用提供参考。Ultraviolet(UV), as an efficient and green disinfection technology, has been widely applied to inactivate the pathogens in air, water, and surface. Recently, far UV-C radiation(200-230 nm) has drawn great attention, as it is harmless to human within the normal dose range for disinfection, which has great potential to conduct in situ disinfection with human presence.An overview on far UV-C light sources, inactivation mechanisms, and human health and safety to far UV-C exposure was provided in this article. It was found that krypton-chloride(KrCl) excimer lamps with a main peak at 222 nm and half-peak width at 4 nm were the most mature far UV-C light sources for disinfection, far UV-C inactivated pathogenic microorganisms through protein damage and nucleic acid interfere,and the inactivation ability of far UV-C was stronger than that of traditional UV-C(such as 254 nm). No adverse health effects such as erythema and photokeratitis had been reported for far UV-C irradiation within the dose range required by regular disinfection. However, high dose of far UV-C radiation should still be used with caution in practical applications, where the maximum safe dose should be determined based on experimental evidence and increased gradually. Meanwhile, the use of far-UV-C in collaboration with ventilation system or ozone quenching system should be considered to avoid secondary damage caused by associated ozone. Overall, this article will provide reference for efficient and secure application of far UV-C in disinfection and control of highly infectious epidemics.

关 键 词：远C波段紫外线 KrCl准分子灯 消毒 安全性 人机共存 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程] R123.6[医药卫生—环境卫生学] R1874[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]