北京市实验室危险废物产生量预测及管理机制建设建议  

Study on generation prediction and management mechanism of laboratory hazardous waste in Beijing

作　　者：李丹阳 董庆银[1,2] 谭全银[1] LI Danyang;DONG Qingyin;TAN Quanyin(School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Basel Convention Regional Centre for Asia and the Pacific,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境学院,北京100084 [2]清华大学巴塞尔公约亚太区域中心,北京100084

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2022年第11期3835-3844,共10页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(16ZDA071)。

摘　　要：随着我国科学技术研发投入的快速增长,源自科研和监测等活动的实验室危险废物产生量迅速增加。但目前我国尚缺乏系统性的实验室危险废物环境无害化管理政策支撑,相应废物管理存在着较大的环境和健康风险。本文采用灰色系统模型预测了北京2021-2030年实验室危险废物产生量,系统总结、分析了国家和地方主管部门、高校和产业园区实验室危险废物管理政策的现状和存在的问题。结果显示,2021年-2030年北京实验室危险废物产生量将呈逐年增长趋势,预计2025年和2030年产生量分别为2.91×10^(4)和5.20×10^(4)t,采用该方法和参数对全国实验室危险废物产生量进行简单地预测,预计2025年和2030年产生量分别可达133.17×10^(4)和231.16×10^(4)t。在管理方面,仍存在政策不健全、收运处置困难、环保意识不足等问题,需进一步明确实验室危险废物责任主体,形成管理机制及指南。针对收集环节,建立高校定时定点收集处理和小微企业豁免相结合的收集体系,并进一步加强高校实验室危险废物能力建设。With the rapid growth of scientific and technological R&D investment in China, the amount of laboratory hazardous waste from scientific research and monitoring activities is increasing rapidly. However, at present, China is still lack of systematic policy support for the environmentally sound management of laboratory hazardous waste, and there are great environmental and health risks in the corresponding waste management.This paper used the grey model to predict the amount of laboratory hazardous waste in Beijing from 2021 to 2030, and systematically summarized and analyzed the current situation and existing problems of laboratory hazardous waste management policies of national and local competent departments, universities and industrial parks. The results showed that from 2021 to 2030, the amount of hazardous waste produced in Beijing laboratories would increase year by year. It was estimated that the amount of hazardous waste produced in 2025 and 2030 will be 2.91×10^(4) t and 5.20×10^(4) t, using the same method and parameters to simply predict the national laboratory hazardous waste production, which was expected to reach 133.17×10^(4) t and 231.16×10^(4) t in 2025 and 2030, respectively. In management, there were still problems such as unsound policies, difficulties in collection,transportation and disposal, lack of environmental awareness, etc., and need to further clarify the subject of responsibility for laboratory hazardous waste. It was necessary to further clarify the responsible body of laboratory hazardous waste and form management mechanism and guidelines. For the collection stage, a collection system combining regular and fixed point collection and treatment in universities and exemptions for small and micro enterprises should be established, and the capacity building of hazardous waste in university laboratories should be further strengthened.

关 键 词：实验室危险废物 管理机制 产生量预测 政策分析 

分 类 号：X327[环境科学与工程—环境工程]