弗兰克-赫兹管各电极电流特性分析  

Study on features of electrodes current of Franck-Hertz tube

作　　者：姜雄飞 鲁长宏[1] 李振 李成凯 李宇涵 JIANG Xiong-fei;LU Chang-hong;LI Zhen;LI Cheng-kai;LI Yu-han(School of Physics,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学物理学院,北京100081

出　　处：《大学物理》2022年第12期60-65,共6页College Physics

基　　金：北京市教改项目(202010007005);北京理工大学大创项目(BIT2021LH048)资助。

摘　　要：对充氩气的弗兰克-赫兹管各个电极电流的测量发现,实验中阴极发射的电子绝大部分被第一栅极和第二栅极所吸收,只有很少的一部分形成了板极电流;第一、二栅极电压对阴极发射电子数量具有显著影响;第一栅极不但能吸收电子,在一定条件下还能发射电子.本文给出了F-H曲线随第一栅极电压先增大后减小的直接原因,以及F-H曲线谷值电流不为零的电子能量分布解释.The measurement of the electrode current of argon-filled Frank-Hertz(F-H)tube shows that most of the electrons emitted by cathode are absorbed by grid1 and grid2,and only a small fraction forms the plate current.The grid1 and grid2 voltages have a significant influence on the number of electrons emitted by the cathode.Grid1 can not only absorb electrons,but also emit electrons under certain conditions.The direct reason why the F-H curve first increases and then decreases with grid1 voltage is given.The explanation of electron energy distribution with non-zero valley current of F-H curve is also given.

关 键 词：弗兰克-赫兹实验 电子发射与吸收 电子能量分布 

分 类 号：O4-34[理学—物理]