高温熔融锡液遇水爆炸机理的实验研究  

An experimental study on the explosion process of high-temperature molten tin liquid contacted with water

作　　者：纪国剑[1,2] 单梦琪 周宁[1] 王政伟[1] JI Guojian;SHAN Mengqi;ZHOU Ning;WANG Zhengwei(College of Energy,Changzhou University,Changzhou 213164,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Process Equipment,Changzhou University,Changzhou 213164,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]常州大学能源学院,江苏常州213164 [2]常州大学江苏省绿色过程装备重点实验室,江苏常州213164

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2023年第1期25-32,共8页Explosion and Shock Waves

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0805101);2022年江苏省研究生实践创新计划(SJCX22_1434);江苏省绿色过程装备重点实验室开放课题(GPE201901)。

摘　　要：为研究低熔点金属锡遇水爆炸机理及能量转化过程,搭建了一套由高频熔融炉、高速摄像机和信号采集仪等组成的可视化实验平台,监测锡与水的质量比为5、10、15和20时熔融锡液与水接触反应过程,并选取中高熔点金属铝进行相同条件下的对比实验。同时,结合能量守恒定律、爆炸冲击理论建立数学计算模型,用于定量分析爆炸冲击波能量。结果表明:质量比为5时,熔融锡液与水反应触发2次蒸汽爆炸;由相同条件下熔融铝液遇水爆炸实验,反应剧烈程度和持续时间与金属碎化程度和金属热扩散率有关。此外,高温熔融锡液遇水爆炸过程中,0.45%~10.91%热能转化为冲击波能量。随着质量比的增加,冲击波能量转化率呈现先增后减趋势;当质量比为10时,冲击波能量转化率最大。由锡/铝遇水爆炸实验的冲击波压力曲线可知,当质量比小于12.69时,锡液遇水爆炸实验的冲击波能量转化率高于铝液遇水爆炸实验的冲击波能量转化率。To study the explosion mechanism and the energy conversion process of the interaction between low melting point metal tin and water,a visual experiment platform is built to monitor the contact reaction processes at different mass ratios of tin to water,e.g.,5,10,15 and 20.The platform consists of a high-frequency melting furnace,a high-speed camera,signal collectors and other equipment.Meanwhile,high melting point metal aluminum is selected for comparative experiments under the same experimental conditions to explore the differences in reaction characteristics between low melting point metal tin and high melting point metal aluminum during the steam explosion.Some mathematical calculation models are established to quantitatively analyze the shock wave energy in line with the law of conservation and explosive shock theory.The results show that two steam explosions are triggered when molten tin reacted with water at a mass ratio 5;and in the comparative explosion experiments of molten tin with water and molten aluminum with water under the same experimental conditions,the reaction intensity and the duration during the explosion of molten metal with water are respectively related to the degree of fragmentation and thermal diffusivity.In addition,the calculation indicates that about 0.45%to 10.91%of the heat energy stored in the molten tin is converted into the explosion shock wave energy throughout the steam explosions.Moreover,the shock wave energy conversion ratio is affected by the mass ratio;and this effect is reflected in that the energy conversion ratio of the shock wave first increases and then decreases with the increase in mass ratio;when the mass ratio is 10,the energy conversion ratio is the largest.It is also found in comparison experiments that the shock wave energy conversion ratios in the explosion experiments of tin reacting with water are higher than the shock wave energy conversion ratios in the explosion experiments of aluminum reacting with water when the mass ratio is less than 12.69.

关 键 词：爆炸机理 能量转化率 高温熔融锡液 蒸汽爆炸 冲击波 

分 类 号：O389[理学—流体力学] X938[理学—力学]