青岛近海不同天气下生物气溶胶中细菌浓度及存活率分布特征  

Distribution of Bacterial Concentration and Viability in Atmospheric Bioaerosols Under Different Weather Conditions in the Coastal Region of Qingdao

作　　者：魏文淑 祁建华[1,2] 常成 WEI Wen-shu;QI Jian-hua;CHANG Cheng(Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,青岛266100 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,青岛266237

出　　处：《环境科学》2023年第1期127-137,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41775148,U1906215);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(202061035)。

摘　　要：细菌是大气生物气溶胶中最丰富、分布最广的微生物.利用FA-1撞击式生物采样器连续采集了2020年9月至2021年8月青岛近海大气生物气溶胶分级样品,并利用BacLightTM试剂染色-荧光显微镜计数方法测定了死/活细菌浓度,分析其浓度与粒径的季节分布特征,并研究了雾、霾和沙尘等特殊天气对细菌浓度及粒径分布的影响.结果表明,采样期间青岛近海生物气溶胶中细菌浓度为(1.06±0.68)×10^(5)cells·m^(-3),其中活细菌和死细菌浓度分别为(8.20±4.88)×10^(3)cells·m^(-3)和(9.74±6.72)×10^(4)cells·m^(-3).细菌浓度分布具有季节差异,死细菌浓度春季、冬季最高,夏季最低;活细菌浓度则变现为春季最高,夏季和秋季较低,冬季最低.生物气溶胶中细菌浓度随月份存在变化,死细菌月均浓度最高值和最低值分别出现在2021年春季3月和夏季6月,而活细菌月均浓度最高值则出现在2021年春季5月,最低值在2020年冬季12月.研究发现活细菌浓度与温度呈显著正相关,与NO_(2)、SO_(2)和CO呈显著负相关;而死细菌与PM显著正相关.大气中细菌的粒径分布随季节和月份的变化,呈现双峰分布、单峰分布以及近似偏态分布.沙尘天死活细菌浓度显著高于晴天、雾天和霾天,但由于长距离传输,细菌存活率很低,仅为6.85%.霾天由于人为污染严重,细菌存活率最低,为4.10%.高湿度雾天细菌存活率最高为16.26%.不同污染天下细菌粒径分布均呈双峰分布,但峰值随天气类型而有所差异.Bacteria are the most abundant microorganisms in atmospheric bioaerosols,widely distributed in the environment.Bioaerosol samples were collected using the FA-1 impact sampler from October 2013 to January 2021 in the coastal city of Qingdao,and samples stained with a BacLightTMbacterial viability kit were used to measure the concentrations of viable and non-viable bacteria with an epifluorescence microscope.The viable and non-viable bacteria in bioaerosols were characterized during different seasons,with particular attention paid to the distribution characteristics of bacteria on foggy,hazy,and dust days.The results showed that the mean concentrations of total bacteria were(1.06±0.68)×10^(5)cells·m^(-3)in Qingdao during the sampling period,and those of viable and non-viable bacteria were(8.20±4.88)×10^(3)cells·m^(-3)and(9.74±6.72)×10^(4)cells·m^(-3),respectively.The seasonal concentrations of non-viable bacteria were the highest in spring and winter and the lowest in summer,whereas that of viable bacteria was highest in spring,followed by those in summer and autumn,and the lowest in winter.Atmospheric bacterial concentrations fluctuated with by month,and total bacteria presented a similar variation pattern with that of non-viable bacteria.The monthly average concentration of non-viable bacteria showed the highest value in March during the spring and the lowest in June during the summer in 2021,whereas the highest value for viable bacteria occurred in May during the spring in 2021 and the lowest in December during the winter in 2020.Viable bacteria concentrations were significantly positively correlated with temperature and significantly negatively correlated with NO_(2),SO_(2),and CO.Non-viable bacteria were significantly positively correlated with PM.The bacteria in bioaerosol particles showed bimodal,unimodal,and skewed size distributions,varying with season and month.Under different weather conditions,the concentration of non-viable bacteria on dusty days was significantly higher than that on sunny,fog

关 键 词：生物气溶胶 细菌 季节分布 雾天 霾天 沙尘天 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]