绿色、蓝色和蓝-绿屋顶径流水质特征  

Effects of Green,Blue,and Blue-green Roofs on Runoff Quality

作　　者：章孙逊 张守红[1,2,3] 闫婧 王恺 杨航 王任重远 张文龙 李华林 ZHANG Sun-xun;ZHANG Shou-hong;YAN Jing;WANG Kai;YANG Hang;WANG Ren-zhongyuan;ZHANG Wen-long;LI Hua-lin(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;National Station for Forest Ecosystem Research in Jixian County,Linfen 042200;Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,临汾042200 [3]北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《环境科学》2023年第1期303-311,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2021BLRD04);国家自然科学基金项目(51609004)。

摘　　要：屋顶占据大量城市不透水面,实施生态屋顶建设,有利于缓解城市化造成的生态和环境问题.在北京市区搭建不同类型生态屋顶(绿色屋顶、蓝色屋顶和蓝-绿屋顶),基于对2019年雨季降雨特征、各类生态屋顶径流量以及径流中营养盐和重金属浓度的监测,计算不同生态屋顶径流污染负荷和径流水质指数(RQI),定量对比分析不同类型生态屋顶径流的综合水质差异.结果表明,在2019年雨季,各生态屋顶均表现出良好的雨水滞留能力,平均径流削减率在75.7%~78.9%之间,且不同生态屋顶的径流削减率无显著差异(P>0.05);相较雨水,各生态屋顶均为NH_(4)^(+)-N、DZn和DCd的汇,累积负荷削减率分别在63.8%~96.4%、68.6%~90.7%和39.8%~54.5%之间,但均为NO_(3)^(-)-N、DCr、DFe和DNi的释放源;蓝色屋顶是DCu的汇(累积负荷削减率为21.9%),但对雨水径流中PO_(4)^(3-)-P的累积负荷无明显影响,而绿色和蓝-绿屋顶均为PO_(4)^(3-)-P和DCu的释放源;蓝色屋顶的RQI最高,蓝-绿屋顶次之,绿色屋顶的RQI显著低于蓝色和蓝-绿屋顶(P<0.05).这表明蓝色屋顶水质最佳,为绿色屋顶增加蓄水层可显著改善径流水质.研究结果可为生态屋顶设施选择和设计提供科学依据.Roofs occupy a great proportion of urban impervious surfaces,and the implementation of eco-roof construction in urban areas is beneficial to alleviate the ecological and environmental problems caused by rapid urbanization.In this study,different eco-roofs(i.e.,green roofs,blue roofs,and blue-green roofs)were set up in downtown Beijing.During the rainy season of 2019,the rainfall characteristics,runoff volumes,and concentrations of nutrients and heavy metals in runoff from different eco-roofs were monitored.Further,the pollutant loads and runoff quality indices(RQI)of the eco-roofs were calculated to evaluate the comprehensive influences of configurations on the runoff quality of these eco-roofs.During the rainy season of 2019,all eco-roofs had favorable rainwater retention capacity(with average runoff reduction rates between 75.7%and 78.9%),and there were no significant differences in runoff reduction rates among different eco-roofs(P>0.05).Compared to rainwater,all the eco-roofs were sinks of NH_(4)^(+)-N,DZn,and DCd,and the load reduction rates of these pollutants were 63.8%-96.4%,68.6%-90.7%,and 39.8%-54.5%,respectively.However,all the eco-roofs were sources of NO_(3)^(-)-N,DCr,DFe,and DNi.The blue roof was a sink of DCu(with a pollutant load reduction rate of 21.9%)and did not affect the cumulative load of PO_(4)^(3-)-P in runoff.However,the green roof and blue-green roof were the sources of PO_(4)^(3-)-P and DCu.The RQI value of the blue roof was the highest,followed by that of the blue-green roof and green roof.The RQI value of the green roof was significantly lower than that of the blue and blue-green roofs(P<0.05).These results indicated that the runoff quality of the blue roof was the best,whereas that of the green roof was the worst.Adding a storage layer to the green roofs could significantly improve the runoff quality.The results of this study provide scientific references for the selection and design of eco-roof facilities.

关 键 词：绿色屋顶 蓝色屋顶 蓝-绿屋顶 径流水质 营养盐 重金属 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]