陕西省2017—2020年212所医疗机构水银血压计和体温计及相应替代产品使用现状调查  

Application of mercury sphygmomanometers and thermometers and their substitutes in 212 medical institutions in Shaanxi Province from 2017 to 2020

作　　者：郭紫薇 盛耘 王浩 乔利春 徐芯语 黄好 彭鸽 韩晶 GUO Zi-wei;SHENG Yun;WANG Hao;QIAO Li-chun;XU Xin-yu;HUANG Hao;PENG Ge;HAN Jing(Department of Labor and Environmental Hygiene,School of Public Health,Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center,Xi’an 710061,China;Institute of Environment and Health,Shaanxi Academy of Environmental Sciences,Xi’an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生系,陕西西安710061 [2]陕西省环境科学研究院环境与健康研究所,陕西西安710061

出　　处：《中国感染控制杂志》2023年第2期217-223,共7页Chinese Journal of Infection Control

基　　金：中国履行水俣公约能力建设项目(三标段);陕西省环境科学研究院项目(202012257)。

摘　　要：目的对2017—2020年陕西省212所医疗机构水银血压计和体温计及相应替代品使用现状进行调查,结合陕西省履约现状提出该省目前医疗卫生行业含汞产品替代意见。方法采用分层随机抽样方法选择陕西省的医院及基层医疗卫生机构,调查2017—2020年不同级别医疗机构水银血压计和体温计及相应替代产品的使用情况。结果共调查陕西省212所医疗机构,其中医院57所、基层医疗卫生机构155所。2017—2020年各年份医疗机构水银血压计每床位使用量分别为0.073、0.068、0.066、0.059台;2020年较其他年份低;基层医疗机构每床位使用量较医院高;差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。各年份水银体温计每床位使用量分别为2.185、2.121、1.916、2.631支;2019年低于2017年,差异有统计学意义(P=0.027)。各年份无汞血压计每床位使用量分别为0.014、0.015、0.028、0.038台;采购量分别为176、325、468、511台;2019、2020年医院无汞血压计每床位使用量高于基层医疗机构,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。无汞体温计每床位使用量分别为0.010、0.011、0.013、0.028支;采购量分别为173、221、227、684支;医院每床位使用量高于基层医疗机构,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。对含汞废物临时储存方式的调查中,有50.88%的医院、46.45%的基层医疗卫生机构混入医疗废物中直接处置;对含汞废物处置方式的调查中,有19.30%的医院、16.77%的基层医疗卫生机构自行处理(填埋、堆存、循环利用)。结论陕西省医疗机构水银血压计与体温计的每床位使用量逐年降低,相应替代品的每床位使用量逐年增多。该省医疗机构在积极履行《水俣公约》,履行效果初显。Objective To investigate the application of mercury sphygmomanometers and thermometers and their corresponding substitutes in 212 medical institutions(MIs)in Shaanxi Province from 2017 to 2020,and provide suggestions on the substitutes of mercury-containing products in medical and health industry in Shaanxi Province based on the implementation status of Minamata Convention.Methods Hospitals as well as primary medical and health institutions in Shaanxi Province were selected by stratified random sampling.Application of mercury sphygmomanometers,thermometers and corresponding substitutes in MIs of different levels from 2017 to 2020 were investigated.Results A total of 212 MIs in Shaanxi Province were investigated,including 57 hospitals and 155 primary medical and health institutions.From 2017 to 2020,mercury sphygmomanometers usage amount per bed in MIs were 0.073,0.068,0.066 and 0.059 pieces respectively.2020 was lower than other years.Usage amount per bed in primary MIs was higher than hospitals,with statistical difference(all P<0.05).Mercury thermometers usa-ge amount per bed each year were 2.185,2.121,1.916 and 2.631 pieces respectively,2019 was lower than 2017,with statistical difference(P=0.027).Mercury-free sphygmomanometers usage amount per bed each year were 0.014,0.015,0.028,and 0.038 pieces,176,325,468 and 511 pieces were purchased,respectively.In 2019 and 2020,mercury-free sphygmomanometers usage amount per bed in hospitals was higher than that in primary MIs,with statistical difference(P<0.05).Mercury-free thermometer usage amount per bed were 0.010,0.011,0.013,and 0.028 pieces,173,221,227 and 684 pieces were purchased respectively.Mercury-free thermometer usage amount per bed in hospitals was higher than that in primary MIs,with statistical difference(P<0.05).In the survey on temporary storage of mercury-containing waste,50.88%hospitals and 46.45%primary medical and health institutions mixed mercury-containing waste with other medical waste for direct disposal.In the survey on the disposal methods of

关 键 词：医疗废物 水俣公约 水银血压计 水银体温计 无汞血压计 无汞体温计 

分 类 号：R197.323.4[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]