季铵盐聚离子液体作为水基润滑添加剂的摩擦学性能研究  

Tribological Properties of Quaternary Ammonium Salt Polymeric Ionic Liquids as Water-Based Lubricant Additive

作　　者：于波[1] 邹坤 王睿 王新刚 梁依经 于强亮[2,3] 蔡美荣 周峰 YU Bo;ZOU Kun;WANG Rui;WANG Xingang;LIANG Yijing;YU Qiangliang;CAI Meirong;ZHOU Feng(Collegel of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Nanjing Forestry University,Jiangsu Nanjing,210037,China;State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication,Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Gansu Lanzhou,730000,China;Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing,Shandong Yantai 264006,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学机械电子工程学院,江苏南京210037 [2]中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所润滑材料全国重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]烟台先进材料与绿色制造山东省实验室,山东烟台264006

出　　处：《摩擦学学报》2022年第6期1246-1257,共12页Tribology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFA0716304);国家自然科学基金(21972153,52075524);甘肃省科技计划(20JR10RA060);泰山学者工程和固体润滑国家重点实验室开放项目(LSL-2004)的资助。

摘　　要：合成了含季铵阳离子的聚离子液体PPM-Cl,采用阴离子交换得到三种具有不同烷基链长羧酸根阴离子的聚离子液体PPM-Ba,PPM-Ha,PPM-Oa.发现聚离子液体PPM-Ba,PPM-Ha,PPM-Oa能够提升水基润滑剂的黏度.将聚离子液体PPM-Ba,PPM-Ha,PPM-Oa作为润滑添加剂溶于去离子水得到一系列水基润滑剂,采用SRV-IV微动摩擦磨损试验机考察了水基润滑剂的摩擦磨损性能并与含有商业增黏剂APE30的水基润滑剂进行了比较.结果发现,聚离子液体PPM-Ba,PPM-Ha,PPM-Oa对水基润滑剂的增黏效果优于商业增黏剂APE30,聚离子液体PPM-Ba,PPM-Ha,PPM-Oa作为润滑添加剂均体现出优异的减摩抗磨性能.其中,阴离子链长较长的聚离子液体PPM-Oa能够明显提升水基润滑剂的抗腐蚀性能,同时使水基润滑剂具有优异的减摩抗磨性能.利用非接触表面光学三维轮廓仪和扫描电子显微镜分析摩擦副的磨斑区域的表面形貌,发现含聚离子液体的水基润滑剂在摩擦过程中能够减缓对摩擦副表面的腐蚀并抑制黏着磨损.利用X射线光电子能谱仪分析摩擦副磨斑区域的表面化学状态,发现摩擦过程中聚离子液体在摩擦副表面形成吸附膜并与金属摩擦副发生复杂的摩擦化学反应,生成摩擦化学反应膜,发挥了优异的减摩抗磨作用.As a kind of environmentally friendly material,water can be used widely due to low cost.At present,the water-based lubricant has been used for metal working fliud and hydraulic transmission fluids.Instead of oil-based lubricant,the diverse kinds of aqueous lubricant have attracted more and more attention due to environmental regulations.However,there are many challenge from physicochemical properties of the aqueous lubricants,such as the viscosity,the corrosion and the film-forming ability.To consider the above disadvantages,diverse kinds of lubricant additives have been used to adjust aqueous lubricant’s physical-chemical properties and improve their tribological performance.In the past,water-soluble functional materials with small molecules and polymers had been always chosen as lubricant additive,although many of them can only serve for the single functional application.For traditional lubricant additive,it is not easy to solve poor lubrication performance and low viscosity simultaneously.The polymeric ionic liquids have been derived from polymers with ionic liquids structure.They might have the advantages of both ionic liquids and polymers.It might be the potential additives toimprove both poor lubrication performance and low viscosity.A series kind of water-soluble polymeric ionic liquids(Note as PPM)with the structure of quaternary ammonium cations have been sythesizedby free radical polymerization.As the monomers,poly(ethylene-glycol)methyl ether methacrylate(PEGMA)and(2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)trimethylammoniumchloride(METAC)provided the functional blocks for improving viscosity and lubricity after the polymerization process.After obtaining the polymeric ionic liquid with the anion of choloride(PPM-Cl),butyric acid(Ba),hexanoic acid(Ha)and octanoic acid(Oa)were used for ion exchange to get three kinds of water-soluble polymeric ionic liquids(PPM-Ba,PPM-Ha and PPM-Oa).Meanwhile,the water-soluble commercial tackifier APE30 was selected as the reference to assess three kinds of ploymeric ionic liquids.Being

关 键 词：聚离子液体 润滑添加剂 摩擦学性能 增黏剂 润滑机理 

分 类 号：TH117.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论]