制动磨损源大气颗粒物排放的研究进展  

Airborne Brake Wear Particle Emissions:A Review

作　　者：肖叶龙 成煜 赵火平 沈明学 XIAO Yelong;CHENG Yu;ZHAO Huoping;SHEN Mingxue(School of Material Science and Engineering,East China Jiaotong University,Jiangxi Nanchang 330013,China;Key Laboratory of Conveyance and Equipment,Ministry of Education,East China Jiaotong University,Jiangxi Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]华东交通大学材料科学与工程学院,江西南昌330013 [2]华东交通大学载运工具与装备教育部重点实验室,江西南昌330013

出　　处：《摩擦学学报》2022年第6期1290-1304,共15页Tribology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52105184,51805170);国铁集团科技研发计划重点课题(N2021T012);江西省自然科学基金项目(20212BAB214010,20212ACB214003);江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ200607)资助。

摘　　要：交通运输工具种类及数量的持续增长,势必会给环境保护带来严重的影响.交通运输工具于摩擦制动过程释放的制动磨损颗粒物(即制动粉尘)已成为城市大气颗粒物的重要贡献源,显著影响着城市的空气质量.为贯彻落实绿色发展理念,探索制动磨损源大气颗粒物排放的控制措施,需深入了解颗粒物排放的准确信息.基于此,本文中综述了近年来以制动磨损为源头的大气颗粒物排放研究进展.首先,从机理层面介绍了制动过程中磨屑的衍化,简述了摩擦层的形成机制和制动粉尘的来源及排放特性;其次,重点阐述了制动器结构、材料类型、外界环境、制动速度和制动载荷等因素对制动磨损源大气颗粒物排放的影响,分析了各因素对大气颗粒物排放特性(如颗粒形貌、颗粒尺寸和颗粒浓度等)的影响规律;最后,提出了制动磨损源大气颗粒物排放研究需要加强的几方面内容.A steady growth in the type and number of transportation vehicles is bound to have profound impacts on environmental protection.Brake wear debris,generating from transportation vehicles during friction braking,has become an important contribution source of airborne brake wear particles and significantly affects the air quality in cites.In order to implement the concept of green development and explore measures to control airborne particle emissions during friction braking,it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of airborne brake wear particle emissions.Hence,the recent progress in airborne particles,generating from friction fair materials during friction braking,was summarized in this study.Firstly,the evolution of wear debris during braking was introduced from the angle of mechanism.The formation mechanism of the friction layer,and the generation and emission characteristics of brake wear debris were briefly described.Secondly,the effects of brake structure,material types,external environment,braking speed and applied load on airborne brake wear particle emissions were elaborated,and the influences of these factors on the emission characteristics(such as particle morphology,particle size and particle concentration)of airborne particles during braking were expounded.Finally,several aspects of research on airborne brake wear particle emissions were proposed.Airborne particles,causing harmful effects such as carcinogenesis and respiratory disease in men,are the primary source of air pollution in cities.Traffic-generated emissions,arising from exhaust and non-exhaust sources,are one of the major contributors to airborne particulate matter.As a consequence of progressive reductions in exhaust emissions,the relative importance of non-exhaust traffic-related emissions(such as those from brake wear,road wear and tyre wear)has increased.Among them,brake wear particles account for a large part of non-exhaust particle emissions in urban areas.Evaluation of airborne particle emissions during braking is helpful to a

关 键 词：大气颗粒物 制动磨损 摩擦副材料 排放特征 影响因素 

分 类 号：TH117.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论]