机构改革后国家档案馆“代位”角色的考辨与纾困——以政府信息公开诉讼为例  

Research and Relief of the “Subrogation” Role of National Archives after Institutional Reform: Taking the Government Information Disclosure Litigation as an Example

作　　者：李元华 唐东楚[2] LI Yuanhua;TANG Dongchu(Law School of Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China;Law School of Central South University,Changsha 410012,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学法学院,南京211189 [2]中南大学法学院,长沙410012

出　　处：《档案学通讯》2023年第1期71-80,共10页Archives Science Bulletin

基　　金：江苏省哲学社会科学重大项目“民生目标实现的区域协调发展行政法律措施”(2018SJZDA004)。

摘　　要：对国家档案馆的“代位”角色进行系统解构有助于理顺纷乱庞杂的档案管理权限,进而摆脱类案缠绕的困局。当前处于局馆分立下的国家档案馆与适格被告、档案主管部门、档案形成单位之间构成了事实上的“代位”关系,致使其频繁坐上法庭的被告席。经综合梳理发现,因“代位”角色导致的对权利人救济途径的限缩是对法律条文的误读,消极开放观主导下的“代位”机制不仅难以使档案馆应对复杂的利益冲突,而且亦不符合比例原则和新档案法的立法宗旨。为此,须以规范严密的行政委托机制为核心,进一步拓宽申请人的权利救济渠道,构建以比例原则为标准的审查体系,同时以积极开放观为指引做好业务协同等,最终促使国家档案馆尽快摆脱“代位”角色,从而科学规范地开展档案服务工作。A systematic deconstruction of the “subrogation” role of the National Archives will help to straighten out the chaotic archives management authority, and then get rid of the dilemma of similar cases.The National Archives currently under the separation of bureaus and archives constitutes a de facto “subrogation” relationship with eligible defendants, archives competent departments, and archives forming units, resulting in them frequently sitting in the court dock.After a comprehensive review, it was found that the narrowing of remedies for rights holders due to the role of “subrogation” was a misreading of legal provisions.The “subrogation” mechanism under the leadership of the passive and open concept not only made it difficult for archives to deal with complex conflicts of interest, but also It is also inconsistent with the principle of proportionality and the legislative purpose of the new archives law.To this end, it is necessary to focus on a well-regulated and strict administrative entrustment mechanism, further expand the channels for applicants’ rights and remedies, build a review system based on the principle of proportionality, and at the same time, conduct business coordination under the guidance of a positive outlook on openness, and ultimately promote national archives.The library should get rid of the role of “subrogation” as soon as possible to carry out the archival service work in a scientific and standardized manner.

关 键 词：国家档案馆 “代位”角色 政府信息公开 行政委托 

分 类 号：D912.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]