缘何“列举”?——《大清律例》编纂模式及其启示  

Why “enumerate”?——The compilation mode of Laws of the Qing Dynasty and its enlightenment

作　　者：谢晶[1] Xie Jing

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学法学院,北京102249

出　　处：《东岳论丛》2022年第12期157-164,192,共9页DongYue Tribune

基　　金：中国政法大学青年教师学术创新团队支持计划“中国传统法律文化的创造性转化”(项目编号:21CXTD10);中国政法大学钱端升杰出学者支持计划;国家社会科学基金重点项目“清代经营西北边疆成败得失研究”(项目编号:20AFX006);北京市社科基金重点项目“清代法制之腹边文化互动研究”(项目编号:20FXA004)。

摘　　要：有清一代的国家法典《大清律例》由律和例两种规范形式构成,律主要继承自前代,例根据本朝临时状况“列举”而来。“列举”而非高度抽象、概括、普遍的法典编纂模式,是传统法典着意保持“谦抑性”的体现,其不仅不会导致法典繁杂,反而在事实上做到了“简易”并有效地应对社会“变易”。为了实现“简易”、应对“变易”,《大清律例》编纂模式还需要“不易”做保障,其包括律之传承数千年而“不易”、例万变不离律之范畴“不易”以及律例之外的德、礼“不易”。作为《易》之“三义”的“不易”“变易”与“简易”,是以《大清律例》为代表的我国传统法典的哲学基础,亦可成为今日法治建设、重思域外舶来之制度与理论的文化底蕴和价值坐标。The national code of the Qing Dynasty,the Laws of the Qing Dynasty,consisted of two normative forms: Lü(laws),mainly inherited from previous generations,and Li(examples),which were “enumerated” according to the temporary situation of the dynasty. Enumeration rather than highly abstract,generalized and universal compilation mode is the embodiment of traditional compilation’s emphasis on “modesty”. Not only does it not lead to the complexity of the code,but in fact it is “simple” and effectively responds to social “changes”. In order to achieve “simplicity” and deal with “change”,the compiling mode of the Laws of the Qing Dynasty also needs to be guaranteed by “not change”,which includes the “not change” of the law’s inheritance for thousands of years,the “not change” of the law’s category,and the “not change” of morality and etiquette outside the laws.As the “three meanings” of the Book of Changes,“not change”,“change” and “simplicity” are the philosophical basis of China’s traditional code represented by the Laws of the Qing Dynasty,and can also become the cultural heritage and value coordinates of today’s legal system construction and the emphasis on foreign systems and theories.

关 键 词：大清律例 法典编纂 法典化 立法技术 列举 

分 类 号：D929.49[政治法律—法学]