宁夏地区2019-2020年诺如病毒所致感染性腹泻流行特征和病原学分析  

Epidemiological and Etiological Analysis of Norovirus Diarrhea in Ningxia,China from 2019 to 2020

作　　者：魏开心 石安琪 曹慜[2] 袁芳[2] 赵瑜 赵建华[2] 马江涛[2] WEI Kaixin;SHI Anqi;CAO Min;YUAN Fang;ZHAO Yu;ZHAO Jianhua;MA Jiangtao(School of Public Health and Management of Ningxia Medical University,Yinchuan 750004,China;Ningxia Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yinchuan 750004,China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control,Yinchuan 750004,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏医科大学公共卫生与管理学院,银川750004 [2]宁夏疾病预防控制中心,银川750004 [3]宁夏环境因素与慢性病控制重点实验室,银川750004

出　　处：《病毒学报》2023年第1期96-104,共9页Chinese Journal of Virology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目号:81960607),题目:宁夏流行诺如病毒分布特征及分子进化规律研究。

摘　　要：了解宁夏地区感染性腹泻患者中诺如病毒的流行特征和基因进化规律,为该地区诺如病毒所致腹泻防控策略的制定提供科学依据。在宁夏自治区5个市的15家哨点医院开展腹泻症状监测,收集患者粪便标本和相关信息并采用Real-time RT-PCR方法进行诺如病毒初筛检测,阳性标本扩增其聚合酶(RdRp)-衣壳蛋白(Capsid)区基因,扩增产物测序后使用Sequencher 4.1.4软件进行序列拼接和编辑,并用MEGA-X、DNASTAR生物软件进行序列比对、系统进化分析以及同源性分析,应用SPSS 25.0软件进行相关统计学分析。结果显示2019-2020年共收集感染性腹泻患者粪便标本2 358份,诺如病毒检出率为13.44%(317/2 358)。主要为GⅡ基因群(285/317),其中,0~2岁年龄组阳性率最高,为18.43%(188/1 020);60~70岁年龄组阳性率最低,为3.36%(4/119),各年龄组阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同地区、年份、季节间阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义。GⅠ基因群(32/2 358)以GⅠ.P13/GⅠ.3(75.0%)为流行优势株,GⅡ基因群以GⅡ.Pe/GⅡ.4Sydney_2012(37.18%)为流行优势株。宁夏地区诺如病毒所致腹泻好发于婴幼儿,主要为GⅡ基因群,且流行的优势基因型别有显著改变,需要加强监测。This study was performed to analyze the epidemic characteristics and gene evolution of norovirus in patients with infectious diarrhea in Ningxia province, and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of prevention and control strategies. Fecal specimens and related information for patients suffering diarrhea were collected from 15 hospitals in five cities in Ningxia province. All specimens were analyzed for norovirus by realtime RT-PCR, and positive specimens were amplified to determine polymerase and capsid regions. Target gene fragments were sequenced for molecular biological analysis, and SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis.From 2019 to 2020, 2358 specimens of patients with infectious diarrhea were collected, the detection rate of norovirus was 13.44%(317/2358), and the main genotype was GⅡ(285/317). There was a statistically significant difference in the positive detection rate for each age groups(P <0.05). Among them, the 0-2-yearold age group had the highest NoV-positive detection rate at 18.43%(188/1020), and the positive detection rate was the lowest in the 60-70-year-old age group at 3.36%(4/119). Differences in positive rate among different regions, years, and seasons were significant. GⅡ.Pe/GⅡ.4Sydney_2012(37.18%) and GⅠ.P13/GⅠ.3(75.0%) were the dominant genotypes. The incidence of norovirus-induced diarrhea was high in winter and spring in Ningxia province, which is more likely to occur in infants and young children, and the composition of the prevalent genotype changed significantly, indicating that stronger surveillance is required.

关 键 词：感染性腹泻 诺如病毒 流行特征 基因分型 

分 类 号：R373.2[医药卫生—病原生物学]