青海省1980—2011年鼠疫病原学分析及流行病学意义  

Etiological analysis and epidemiological significance of plague in Qinghai,1980-2011

作　　者：杨建国[1] 靳娟[1] 游陪松 谢辉[1] 李存香[1] 何建[1] 马林德 熊浩明[1] 张强[1] 田富彰[1] 代瑞霞[1] YANG Jian-guo;JIN Juan;YOU Pei-song;XIE Hui;LI Cun-xiang;HE Jian;MA Lin-de;XIONG Hao-ming;ZHANG qiang;TIAN Fu-zhang;DAI Rui-xia(Qinghai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control,Xi’ning,Qinghai 811602,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省地方病预防控制所,青海西宁811602

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2022年第12期1109-1112,共4页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.81660349);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究资助(No.2019QZKK0607)。

摘　　要：目的分析青海省30年人间鼠疫疫情相关鼠疫菌株其病原学特征及流行病学意义,为该省鼠疫突发公共卫生事件现场处置和综合防控措施提供科学依据。方法选取1980—2011年间青海省发生的29起典型人间鼠疫疫情中分离的35株鼠疫菌,对其进行糖醇类酵解试验,荚膜抗原(Fra1)、毒力抗原因子(VW)、色素沉着因子(Pgm)、鼠疫杆菌素Ⅰ(PstⅠ)4种毒力决定因子检测,差异区段(different regions,DFRs)基因分型研究病原学特征,同时结合青海省近年来人间及动物间鼠疫流行现状,分析当前鼠疫防控形势及流行特征。结果实验检测的35株鼠疫菌株生物型分型均为古典型;生化分型有2种类型,其中29株(82.86%)为青藏高原型,主要分布在青南地区及环湖地区,2株(5.71%)为祁连山型,主要分布在祁连山区;DFR分型有6种基因型,其中5型16株、8型12株、10型2株、36型1株、30型3株、1b型1株,以5型和8型为主,5型和1b型菌株主要分布于青海湖环湖地区和祁连山南麓,8型、10型、36型、30型菌株主要分布于青南地区。结论青海高原鼠疫菌病原体生化型复杂,动物间鼠疫疫情连年不断,防控形势十分严峻,鼠疫的发生和流行严重危害人民健康和社会经济发展,因此,必须扎实做好鼠疫防控工作,切实保障人民群众生命安全。Objective To analyze the pathogenic characteristics and epidemiological significance of human plague related strains in Qinghai Province in recent 30 years,so as to provide scientific basis for on-the-spot disposal and prevention and control measures of plague outbreak in Qinghai Province.MethodsA total of 35 strains of Yersinia pestis isolated from 29typical human plague outbreaks in Qinghai Province from 1980 to 2011 were selected and studied by biochemical fermentation experiments.Virulence factors detection of Fraction 1 antigen(Fra1),virulence antigen(VW),pigmentation(Pgm)and Yersinia pestisⅠ(PstⅠ),determinants and genotyping of differential regions(DFRs)were used to study the pathogenic characteristics.At the same time,according to the epidemic situation of human and animal plague in Qinghai Province in recent years,the current situation of plague prevention and control and epidemic characteristics were analyzed.ResultsThe biotypes of 35strains of Yersinia pestis were classical,and the biotypes of 29 strains(82.86%)were of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau type,mainly distributed in southern Qinghai and around lake areas,2 strains(5.71%)belonged to Qilian Mountains type,mainly distributed in Qilian mountains,and 6 genotypes were identified by DFR.Among them,16 were type 5,12 were type 8,2 were type 10,1was type 36,3 were type 30 and 1 was type 1b,the strains of type 5 and 1b were mainly distributed around the lake and the southern foot of Qilian Mountains,while the strains of type 8,10,36 and 30 were mainly distributed in the southern part of Qinghai.ConclusionsThe pathogen of Yersinia pestis in Qinghai Plateau has complex biochemical types,the epidemic situation among animals is continuous year after year,the situation of prevention and control is serious,the occurrence and prevalence of plague seriously endanger people′s health and social development,so it is necessary to do a solid job in the prevention and control of plague to ensure the safety of people′s lives.

关 键 词：鼠疫 流行病学特征 病原学 青海省 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学]