全面抗战时期中英修筑滇缅铁路交涉  

The Sino-British Negotiations on the Building of the Yunnan-Burma Railway during the Total War of Resistance

作　　者：张俊义[1] Zhang Junyi

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院近代史研究所

出　　处：《抗日战争研究》2022年第4期80-95,M0003,M0004,共18页Studies of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“抗战时期英国驻华大使馆档案文献整理与研究”(20&ZD235)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：修建滇缅铁路是全面抗战时期国民政府贯通西南国际运输通道战略决策和行动的一个重要组成部分。由于修筑滇缅铁路需要将云南境内的铁路与英属缅甸的铁路贯通,所以自滇缅铁路计划酝酿伊始,国民政府就与英国政府进行接触。英国政府为防范中国介入其缅甸殖民地,加之经济上不能得利,起初对中国的试探反应冷淡。在国民政府就滇缅铁路计划正式提出交涉前后,由于英日矛盾日趋紧张,出于遏制日本的战略需要,英国政府态度发生转变,决定支持中方的请求,主动出资修筑缅段铁路。然而,英国仍不忘为自身攫取利益,乘机在长期悬而未决的中缅南段未定界上索要筹码,并将其作为支持中国的先决条件。从维护抗战大局整体利益出发,处于弱势的国民政府被迫妥协,以牺牲部分中国领土的代价,换取英国对滇缅铁路的支持。在与中方达成合作协议后,英国出于改善对华关系及协同抵抗日本侵略的目的,克服困难,精心组织缅段铁路的施工,并坚持到缅甸陷落的最后一刻。The construction of Yunnan-Burma Railway was an important part of the strategic decision and action of the Nationalist government of getting through the Southwest international transportation channel during the total War of Resistance. Since the construction of the Yunnan-Burma Railway needed to connect the railway in Yunnan and the British Burma Railway,the Nationalist government contacted the British government since the beginning of the preparation of the Yunnan-Burma Railway plan. In order to prevent China’s involvement in its Burmese colony,and because of no economic gains,the British government’s initial response to China was cold. Before and after the Nationalist government formally made the negotiations on the Yunnan-Burma Railway plan,due to the increasing tension between Britain and Japan and the strategic need to contain Japan,the British government changed its attitude and decided to support China’s request and took the initiative to fund the construction of the Burma Railway. However,Britain still did not forget to seize its own interests,and took the opportunity to claim the bargaining chips in the long-term pending Southern border section between China and Burma,and took it as a prerequisite for supporting China. From the overall interests of the War of Resistance,the weak Nationalist government was forced to compromise and exchange the British support of the Yunnan-Burma Railway at the expense of part of the Chinese territory. After reaching the cooperation agreement with China,Britain,for the purpose of improving its relations with China and jointly resisting the Japanese aggression,overcame the difficulties and carefully organized the construction of the Burma Railway section,and persisted until the last moment of the fall of Burma.

关 键 词：抗日战争 中英交涉 滇缅铁路 缅段铁路 中缅南段未定界 

分 类 号：K265[历史地理—历史学] F532.9[历史地理—中国史] F429[经济管理—产业经济] F456.1