部分统制还是全面统制:1940年国民政府内部关于粮食管理的讨论  

Partial Control or Total Control: A Discussion on Grain Management within the Nationalist Government in 1940

作　　者：陈默 Chen Mo

机构地区：[1]四川大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《抗日战争研究》2022年第4期113-128,M0004,共17页Studies of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第67批面上资助项目“全面抗战时期四川粮食统制政策形成过程研究”(2020M673203)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1940年,战时粮食危机爆发并愈演愈烈,对粮食进行统制成为国民政府内部多数人的共识。行政院、侍从室等机构的官员围绕部分统制和全面统制两条路径持续展开讨论,两者的区别在于是否采用行政手段、实施强力管控、变更基本经济制度。部分统制方案出现较早,但全面统制的思想传播更为迅速并渐成主流话语。卢作孚提出调剂供需进行部分统制,唐纵试图在此基础上增加六项加强管理办法,将其升级为全面统制,遭到卢作孚的逐条批驳。在粮食危机刺激下,全面统制的呼声日高,陈方呈交强制分期平抑米价的全面统制方案,遭到孔祥熙等人的强烈反对,但此方案在蒋介石的主导下仍得到通过。国民政府内部关于粮食管理的讨论,反映出不同人群对于国家治理逻辑、治理模式、政府行为、动员机制的不同理解。In 1940,the wartime grain crisis broke out and became more and more intense,and to control grain became the consensus of the majority of the personnel in the Nationalist government. Officials of the Executive Yuan,Staff Office and other institutions successively discussed the two paths of partial control and total control. The differences between the two lain in whether to use administrative means,implement strong control and change the basic economic system. Partial control schemes appeared earlier,but the idea of total control spread more quickly and gradually became the mainstream discourse.Lu Zuofu proposed to adjust the supply and demand for partial control,and Tang Zong tried to add six strengthening management measures on this basis and upgrade it to total control,which were refuted by Lu Zuofu one by one. Under the stimulus of the grain crisis,the calls for total control were getting higher. Chen Fang submitted a total control scheme to suppress the rice price in stages,which was strongly opposed by Kong Xiangxi and others,but it was still approved under the domination of Chiang Kai-shek. The discussion on grain management within the Nationalist government reflects the different understandings of different groups to the national governance logic,governance mode,acts of government and mobilization mechanism.

关 键 词：抗日战争 国民政府 粮食统制 全国粮食管理局 卢作孚 

分 类 号：K265[历史地理—历史学] F329[历史地理—中国史]