近60年人类活动对洛川塬典型沟道侵蚀演化的影响  

Impacts of Human Activities on Gully Erosion on the Luochuan Tableland of the Chinese Loess Plateau during the Past 60 Years

作　　者：曹国帆 金钊[2,3,6] 杨思齐[4] 张瑞华 韩浩 张晶 CAO Guo-fan;JIN Zhao;YANG Si-qi;ZHANG Rui-hua;HAN Hao;ZHANG Jing(Xi'an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research,Xi'an 710061,China;State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi'an 710061,China;CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change,Xi'an 710061,China;College of Global Change and Earth System Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710054,China;National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi,Xi'an 710061,China)

机构地区：[1]西安地球环境创新研究院,西安710061 [2]中国科学院地球环境研究所,黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,西安710061 [3]中国科学院第四纪科学与全球变化卓越创新中心,西安710061 [4]北京师范大学全球变化与地球系统科学研究院,北京100875 [5]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,西安710054 [6]陕西黄土高原地球关键带国家野外科学观测研究站,西安710061

出　　处：《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2022年第5期1041-1050,共10页Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导专项(B类)课题(XDB40020301);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41790444)。

摘　　要：为揭示人类活动对洛川塬沟道侵蚀演化的影响,本文根据近60年的历史航片和卫星影像数据资料,利用遥感和地理信息技术,研究了洛川塬典型沟头和沟道面积的侵蚀演化过程,探究不同类型人类活动对沟道侵蚀演化的影响。结果表明,1965—2018年,黑木沟沟头区域因溯源侵蚀作用平均每年扩张391m^(2),而沟头由于人类回填固定缩小了78480m^(2)。土地利用变化表明,城区扩张(人类活动加强)加剧了黑木沟沟头的侵蚀扩张,而人类回填等正面干预阻止了沟头前进,控制沟头溯源侵蚀。1966—2013年,旧县镇寺儿沟扩张了11542m^(2),沟道的侵蚀扩张与居民点建设和交通道路硬化密切相关;2013—2020年,寺儿沟减少了12404m^(2),这与塬边修建涝池集水及沟头回填固定减弱溯源侵蚀有关;1966—2020年,旧县镇南沟扩张了5008m^(2),其原因是旁边旧县镇地面硬化面积较大、地表产汇流作用较强。1966—2020年,万凤塔旁的两条沟道平均每年以1092m2的速度向外扩张,主要受农业耕作活动的影响;在2008—2020年期间,沟道投影面积开始缩减,表明塬面的保护得到了加强,采取护边埂等农业水保措施减缓了沟道的侵蚀扩张。In order to reveal the impact of human activity on the erosion of gullies on the Loess Plateau of China,remote sensing and geographic information technology were used to characterize the erosion history of three typical gully channels in the Luochuan tableland over the past 60 years,and explore the influence of different types of human activity on the evolution of gully erosion.Results showed that from 1965 to 2018,the Heimugou gully head expanded by an average rate of 391 m^(2)per year.Due to urban development,an area of 78480 m^(2)of the gully head in the heimugou catchment were artificially backfilled.Land use change analysis showed that urban expansion(increased human activity)aggravated gully headcut erosion,while human backfilling activity consolidated the gully head,thereby controlling the gully headcut erosion.From 1966 to 2020,the Si′er gully near the Jiuxian town expanded by 11542 m^(2),and the gully expansion was closely related to residential construction and traffic roads hardening.From 2013 to 2020,the area of the Si′er gully head reduced by 12404 m^(2),which was related to the construction of water collection ponds in the gully edge and the consolidation of gully head through backfilling.From 1966 to 2020,the Nangou gully near the Jiuxian town expanded by 5008 m^(2).The main reason may be that the impervious surface of the Jiuxian town increased surface runoff and aggravated gully erosion.From 1966 to 2020,two channels near the Wanfeng tower expanded by an average rate of 1092 m^(2)per year,and the main reason can be attributed to the irrational agricultural activities of humans.From 2008 to 2020,the area expansion rates of the two gully channels decreased,indicating that soil and water conservation measures had been strengthened in the tableland surface layer to control gully erosion.

关 键 词：洛川塬 沟道侵蚀 人类影响 城区扩张 农业活动 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]