夏季广东省鲎保护区潮间带大型底栖动物群落研究  

Summer investigations on intertidal macrobenthic communities within horseshoe crab protected areas in Guangdong Province

作　　者：李银康 鲍虞园 林吴颖 KWAN Kit Yue 饶义勇 颉晓勇[1,3] LI Yinkang;BAO Yuyuan;LIN Wuying;KWAN Kit Yue;RAO Yiyong;XIE Xiaoyong(Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation&Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture,South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Guangzhou 510300,China;College of Fisheries and Life,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou),Guangzhou,511458,China;Guangxi Biodiversity Research and Conservation Association,Nanning 530022,China;College of Marine Sciences,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation,Beibu Gulf University,Qinzhou 535011,China;College of the Environment and Ecology,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广州510300 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [3]南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室,广州511458 [4]广西生物多样性研究和保护协会,广西南宁530012 [5]北部湾大学海洋学院,广西北部湾海洋生物多样性养护重点实验室,广西钦州535011 [6]厦门大学环境与生态学院,厦门361102

出　　处：《生态科学》2023年第1期83-94,共12页Ecological Science

基　　金：深圳市质兰公益基金项目(2019040441B);南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室(广州)人才团队引进重大专项(GML2019ZD0605);广东省科技计划项目(2019B121201001)。

摘　　要：广东省划设有6个鲎保护区,但对鲎种群具体分布位置、数量及趋势数据几近空白,阻碍了科学管理策略制定和保护行动推进。为此,采用野外调查方法分别对该6个鲎保护区幼鲎资源现状展开调查,并对保护区潮间带大型底栖动物群落进行分析。结果表明,广东省6个鲎保护区中仅遂溪中国鲎保护区和徐闻圆尾鲎保护区发现有幼鲎分布,其中徐闻圆尾鲎保护区内幼鲎丰度极低,调查整个保护区仅发现2只幼鲎;遂溪中国鲎保护区幼鲎丰度为6.45 ind·100m^(-2),但低龄期幼鲎个体数量明显低于高龄期。保护区潮间带大型底栖动物功能群分析显示,遂溪大型底栖动物以浮游生物食者为主,徐闻以植食者为主,浮游动物、微藻类以及浮游植物等天然饵料资源充足,符合幼鲎的摄食习性。此次鲎保护区资源调查表明广东省鲎资源现状严峻,鲎保护区管理亟待改善。提升鲎的保护等级、科学的人工放流、行之有效的保护区管理措施等行动已势在必行。There are six horseshoe crab marine protected areas(MPAs)in Guangdong Province.However,the baseline information on distribution,size and trend of horseshoe crab populations is virtually unknown.The lack of information has hindered the formulation of scientific management strategies and conservation actions.In this study,field surveys were conducted to investigate the current status of horseshoe crab populations in each of the six MPAs,and to analyze the macrobenthic communities in the intertidal zone.The results showed that juvenile horseshoe crabs were only found in Suixi Chinese horseshoe crab and Xuwen mangrove horseshoe crab MPAs.The abundance of the juveniles within Xuwen MPA was considerably low,i.e.,only two juveniles were found.The abundance in Suixi MPAs was 6.45 ind·100 m^(-2),but the number of individuals in young size group was much lower compared to that of elder groups.The analysis of functional groups of macrobenthos in the MPAs intertidal areas demonstrated that those from Suixi were mainly plankton feeders,while those from Xuwen were primarily phytoplankton feeders.Plankton,microalgae,phytoplankton and other natural food sources are abundantly available,which can fulfill the feeding requirements of the juveniles.The population surveys within the horseshoe crab MPAs revealed the unsatisfactory situation of horseshoe crabs in Guangdong Province,and the management of these MPAs should be improved urgently.Conservation actions such as upgrading the protection level of the horseshoe crab,establishing scientifically-sound restocking program and effective management measures are imperatively required.

关 键 词：鲎 资源调查 保护区 大型底栖动物 功能群 

分 类 号：S932.8[农业科学—渔业资源]