苗期杨树生长和光合特征在不同水分梯度和施肥下的比较分析  

Comparative analysis of the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of the Poplar seedlings in different water gradient and fertilizer amount

作　　者：黄国伟[1] 马林江[1] 陈慧玲[1] 樊孝萍 龙开莲 张新叶[1] HUANG Guowei;MA Linjiang;CHEN Huiling;FAN Xiaoping;LONG Kailian;ZHANG Xinye(Hubei Academy of Forestry,Wuhan 430075,China;Shishou Research Institute of Poplar for Hubei Academy of Forestry,Hubei Shishou 434400,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省林业科学研究院,武汉430075 [2]湖北省林科院石首杨树研究所,湖北石首434400

出　　处：《生态科学》2023年第1期137-145,共9页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题“美洲黑杨大径级工业资源材精准高效培育技术研究”(2021YFD2201202)。

摘　　要：为提高水肥效率,指导杨树科学浇水施肥,以华石2号杨为材料,通过不同的水、肥配比试验,对其生长和光合特征进行比较分析。结果显示:水分和施肥量双因素方差分析发现,不同土壤水分间,苗高和地径差异均显著(P<0.05),不同施肥量间,地径差异显著(P<0.05),而苗高差异不显著,生长表现最差的为A4B4(自然雨水,0 g复合肥)处理,生长最好的为A2B2(80%—85%田间持水量,15 g复合肥)处理。无论是不同施肥处理还是水分处理,植株叶片数差异均显著(P<0.05),A4B1(自然雨水,21g复合肥)处理的单株叶片数最少,均值为17.67片,而A1B2(95%—100%田间持水量,15 g复合肥)处理的单株叶片数最多,均值为39.00片。比较发现,叶片叶绿素含量比较低的主要是施肥量少的几个处理,叶绿素含量比较高的主要是施肥量较高的处理。光饱和点(PLS)最大为处理A1B1(95%—100%田间持水量,21g复合肥),达到1961.59μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),处理A2B1(80%—85%田间持水量,21g复合肥)的最大净光合速率(Pnmax)最高(24.75μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)),不同处理间光补偿点(PLC)和暗呼吸速率(Rd)没有表现出明显差异和规律性。提高杨树苗期质量,水肥并非越多越好,保持土壤水分为田间持水量的80%—85%,5—7月施复合肥15g每株,可以有效的提高叶片数,提升叶片适应强光能力和光合潜力,增强生长优势。In order to improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer, and guide the scientific watering and fertilization of the poplar, using Populus deltoides Bartr. Huashi 2 as the material, the growth and photosynthetic characteristics were compared and analyzed in different water gradient and fertilizer amount. The two-factor analysis of variance of water and fertilization showed significant difference in seedling height and ground diameter between different soil water(P<0.05), significant difference in ground diameter between different fertilizer amount(P<0.05), but no significant difference in seedling height.The growth of A4B4 was the worst, and the growth of A2B2 was the best. No matter different fertilizer amount or soil water,the numbers of leaves were significantly different(P<0.05), the numbers of leaves in A4B1 were the least, the mean value was 17.67, while the numbers of leaves in A1B2 were the largest, with an average value of 39.00. It was found that the treatments with lower chlorophyll content were mainly those with less fertilizer amount(B4), while the treatments with higher chlorophyll content were mainly those with higher fertilizer amount(B1,B2). The maximum light saturation point(PLS)was A1B1(1961.59 μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)), and the maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pnmax) of A2B1 was the highest(24.75μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1)). There was no significant difference and regularity about the light compensation point(PLC) and dark respiration rate(Rd). To improve the quality of poplar seedlings, water and fertilizer were not the more the better. Keeping soil water as 80%-85% of field water holding capacity and applying compound fertilizer 15 g with one plant from May to July could effectively increase the number of leaves, enhance the ability of leaf to adapt to strong light and photosynthetic potential, and enhance the growth advantage.

关 键 词：不同水分梯度 施肥量 杨树 生长 光合特征 

分 类 号：S722.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种]