基于GIS的青藏高原生态服务功能定量评价  

Quantitative evaluation of the ecological service function on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Based on GIS Analysis

作　　者：戚宝正 杨海镇 周华坤[3] 侯光良 QI Baozheng;YANG Haizhen;ZHOU Huakun;HOU Guangliang(School of Geographical Science,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China;Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability,Xining 810008,China;College of Eco-environment and Resources,Qinghai Nationalities University,Xining 810007,China;Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology of Cold Area in Qinghai Province,Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,CAS,Xining 810008,China)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学地理科学学院,青海西宁810008 [2]青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院,青海西宁810007 [3]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [4]高原科学与可持续发展研究院,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《生态科学》2023年第1期187-196,共10页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0501901);中国科学院-青海省人民政府2020年三江源国家公园联合研究专项(LHZX-2020-08);青海省科技厅国际合作项目(2019-HZ-802)。

摘　　要：生态系统服务是保障人类生存发展的重要支柱和实现区域可持续发展的重要保障。基于植被净初级生产力(NPP)定量指标评估法、GIS空间分析法、生态服务功能综合评价法与一元线性回归趋势线法,对2000—2015年青藏高原水源涵养、水土保持、防风固沙和生物多样性维护功能的空间分布特征及重要性进行评价。结果表明:(1)水源涵养、水土保持、防风固沙、生物多样性维护功能指数东南高、西北低,呈现出由东南向西北递减的变化趋势;(2)从上述生态服务功能重要性分级特征来看,4类生态系统服务功能一般区面积最大,分别占高原总面积的27.06%、19.73%、61.44%、41.7%;生态服务功能较弱的区域面积最小,分别占高原总面积的16.47%、16.96%、0.97%、4.06%;(3)从综合重要性分级特征看,生态系统服务功能一般区面积最大,占高原总面积20.72%,生态系统服务功能较弱区面积最小,占高原总面积的16.73%,总体上综合评价结果优于单一生态功能评价;(4)2000—2015年来青藏高原生态功能总体上呈现两大明显特征,即高原南部、三江源区域、青海湖南端及祁连山地区综合生态服务功能呈下降趋势,藏北高原、藏南谷地、横断山区综合生态服务功能呈增加趋势,其他地区基本保持不变。研究成果可为青藏高原重点生态功能区与生态红线的划定,加强生态环境分区管理及建立健全生态屏障提供参考,为区域生态系统综合评价提供借鉴。Ecosystem service is important for human survival and social development, as well as for reginal sustainable development.The objective of this study is to assess the spacial distribution characteristic and importance of water conservation, land erosion control,wind erosion prevention and biodiversity conservation function on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau from 2000-2015. The study applied the vegetation net primary productivity(NPP) quantitative index evaluation method, GIS spatial analysis method, comprehensive evaluation of ecological service function method and one variable linear logistic trend method. The results are as follows.(1) Water conservation, land erosion control, wind erosion prevention and biodiversity conservation function index were higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest of the study area, showing a decreasing trend from the southeast to the northwest.(2) Based on classification characteristic of the importance of ecological service function, among these four types of the ecosystem service functions,the general category occupied the largest proportion, respectively accounting for 27.06%, 19.73%, 61.44%, 41.7% of the plateau’s total area, and the areas with poor ecological service function occupied the smallest area, respectively accounting for 16.47%, 16.96%,0.97%, 4.06%.(3) In terms of comprehensive importance classification attributes, the areas with general ecological functions accounted for the largest area size with over 20.72%. Areas with least important ecological service function accounted for the smallest area size, only about 16.73%. In all, the result of comprehensive evaluation was better than the single evaluation.(4) From 2000 to 2015, the ecological functions of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau showed two obvious characteristics: first, in southern Plateau, three rivers source region, southern part of Qinghai Lake and Qilian mountain area showed a decreasing trend;second, in northern Tibetan Plateau,southern Tibetan Valley and Hengduan Mountain area showed an obvious increasing

关 键 词：GIS 青藏高原 生态功能 定量评价 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]