中国梯田撂荒程度及空间格局分异研究  

The extent and spatial distribution of terrace abandonment in China

作　　者：董世杰 辛良杰[1] 李升发 谢花林 赵宇鸾[5] 王学[1] 李秀彬[1,2] 宋恒飞 卢亚晗 DONG Shijie;XIN Liangjie;LI Shengfa;XIE Hualin;ZHAO Yuluan;WANG Xue;LI Xiubin;SONG Hengfei;LU Yahan(Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Key Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System/Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application,Guangzhou Institute of Geography,Guangdong Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510070,China;Institute of Ecological Civilization,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang 330013,China;College of Geography and Environmental Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]广东省科学院广州地理研究所,广东省遥感与地理信息系统应用重点实验室/广东省地理空间信息技术与应用公共实验室,广州510070 [4]江西财经大学生态文明研究院,南昌330013 [5]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵阳550001

出　　处：《地理学报》2023年第1期3-15,共13页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41930757);广东省科学院发展专项资金项目(2020GDASYL-20200104005)。

摘　　要：在城镇化和工业化的驱动下,中国丘陵山区耕地逐渐被边际化,耕地撂荒范围也迅速从劣质的坡耕地延展至优质的梯田,大规模梯田撂荒将会引发一系列社会和生态效应,科学评估中国山区梯田的撂荒程度及空间分布将有助于有效地应对耕地撂荒问题。本文通过全国抽样调查的方式对中国梯田的撂荒程度进行了调查,利用获取的中国329个县的560份村问卷测算了中国梯田撂荒规模,并进一步分析了梯田撂荒空间分异特征及驱动因素。结果显示:①全国梯田撂荒现象分布广泛,发生梯田撂荒的村庄占总调查村庄的比例为54%,撂荒面积占梯田总面积的比例达到9.79%;②梯田撂荒程度呈现“南高北低”的特征,南方丘陵山区较为严重,尤以长江中下游地区为最;③梯田撂荒的主要因素可归结为农业劳动力外出务工、梯田耕作机械化程度、灌溉条件、耕作交通条件等。减缓梯田撂荒,应因区精准施策,提高梯田区机械化水平等措施具有普适性,针对质量较差的梯田,可有序“退耕”,对于质量较好的梯田,可采用调整种植结构、加强农业基础设施建设、鼓励流转与规模经营等方式。With urbanization and industrialization,cultivated land in hilly regions of China has been gradually marginalized.Abandoned cultivated lands have ranged from inferior sloping land and extended to high-quality terraces.The abandonment of terraces will lead to a series of social and ecological problems,especially with large-scale abandonment.Therefore,the degree and spatial distribution of terrace abandonment should be evaluated scientifically to address the issue of abandonment as well as its effects.This study investigated the extent of terrace abandonment in China via a questionnaire sampling method.Based on 560 village questionnaires from 329 counties in China,the scale of terrace abandonment was calculated and the spatial heterogeneity characteristics and primary reasons for terrace abandonment were further analyzed.Study results showed that:(1)The phenomenon of terrace abandonment was observed throughout China,occurring in 54%of all the villages investigated;9.79%of the total terraced areas have been abandoned.(2)The degree of terrace abandonment showed a spatial pattern of"high in the south and low in the north".The degree of terrace abandonment was higher in the southern hilly mountains,and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was the most serious.(3)The primary factors related to terrace abandonment were found to be labor migration,the degree to which terraces have been mechanized,irrigation conditions,and farming traffic conditions.Measures that include improving the degree of terrace mechanization should be enacted to address the problem of terrace abandonment.An orderly"conversion of cropland"could be applied to poor-quality terraces.Changing the planting structure,strengthening new agricultural infrastructure,and encouraging circulation and large-scale operations are options that could be applied to good-quality terraces.

关 键 词：梯田 耕地撂荒 全国抽样调查 空间分异 中国 

分 类 号：F323.211[经济管理—产业经济]