“天朝”与“蕃国”之间:齐梁品位结构与政治体制中的嫡皇孙  

Between“Tianchao”and“Fanguo”:The Crown Princess’Eldest Son in the Rank Structure and Political System of Qi and Liang

作　　者：庞博 Pang Bo

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,北京100871

出　　处：《史学月刊》2023年第2期51-63,共13页Journal of Historical Science

摘　　要：南朝齐梁时期,面对政治体制困局所导致的宗王对皇位继承秩序的威胁,朝廷开始重视嫡皇孙的地位。其集中表现,便是在爵位、仪仗、车驾、朝位、个人任职资格、国官僚属任职资格等品位结构中的各类位阶上加崇嫡皇孙。与此相对应,萧齐时期还在观念中完成了对嫡皇孙的身份塑造,使嫡皇孙兼具了“天朝”与“蕃国”两种身份。一方面,“天朝”与“蕃国”之间的身份地位,同时确认了嫡皇孙的皇位继承权和宗室参政权,与品位结构层面的加崇相互配合,体现了品级、等级与观念的一致性,凸显了嫡皇孙的嫡嗣身份,提高了嫡皇孙与皇太子的地位,形成了一套用于稳定皇位继承秩序的制度、观念机制。另一方面,在具体施行过程中,受政治局势的影响,上述制度、观念机制也经历了选择与调整,最终在梁后期得到完全行用。对嫡皇孙加崇现象的考察,有助于我们理解南朝政治体制的特殊性。Under the threat of princes to the order of imperial succession caused by the dilemma of the political system,the regimes of Qi and Liang began to attach great importance to the status of the crown princess’eldest son,which could be seen through the elevation of his title,guard of honor,equipage,royal position,personal qualification,state bureaucratic qualification and other ranks in the rank structure.As a result,it completed the identity shaping of the crown princess’eldest son in conception in the period of Qi,which endowed him with the two identities of“Tian Chao”and“Fan Guo”.On the one hand,it confirmed the crown princess’eldest son’s rights of succession to the throne and participation in politics,embodied the consistency of rank,hierarchy and conception,highlighted his identity as the crown princess’eldest son and elevated the position of both the crown prince and his wife’s eldest son,thus forming a set of system and conceptual mechanism used to stabilize the imperial succession order.On the other hand,influenced by the political situation,the above-mentioned system and conceptual mechanism experienced selection and adjustment in the process of implementation,and finally was fully applied in the late Liang dynasty.The examination of the crown princess’eldest son is helpful to enhance our understanding of the particularity of the political system of the Southern Dynasties.

关 键 词：嫡皇孙 品位 天朝 蕃国 齐梁时期 

分 类 号：K239[历史地理—历史学]