今文经学是否促成了层累说?——层累说提出一百周年之际的思考  

Does the New Text Study of Confucian Classics Contribute to the Theory of Stratification?Reflections on the Theory of Stratification 100 Years After Its Proposition

作　　者：范静静[1] Fan Jingjing

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院中国史学研究所,山东济南250100

出　　处：《史学月刊》2023年第2期115-129,共15页Journal of Historical Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“多卷本《20世纪中国史学通史》”(17ZDA196)。

摘　　要：层累说的现代性争议衬托出其作为转型期理论的魅力。关于层累说的最初批评并不牵连今文经学。“今文经学促成说”始于《古史辨》第一册《自序》之后的《五德终始说下的政治和历史》阶段,径直向层累说对托古改制说的借用发难。愈演愈烈的风势逐步殃及层累说的条条立论,学术史与思想史夹击下的清理式阐释似让层累说再难摆脱今文经学的烙印。但现有解释与彼时境况的多重冲突要求重新理解二者关系。以正向叙事回归顾颉刚本身,经由历时的缕述发现层累说提出时期,顾颉刚对今文经学的态度并不像如今认定的那般紧密,托古改制说亦未得其青睐,保持相当程度的疏离才是二者间的真实样态。这一情形有所变化始于层累说提出之后,托古改制说、甚至刘歆造伪说均被用作丰富层累说的借力,顾颉刚也不再吝啬对今文经学的肯定。将今文经学之于层累说的影响由推动性倒置为源头性的行为即由此发生。层累说与今文经学并不同质,它们对何为历史事实的不同判定是分离二者的最佳说明。谈论其关系若以断裂性为前提,或许更能呈现层累说作为现代史学命题的主体性价值。The controversy surrounding the theory of stratification shows its charm as a theory of transition period.The initial criticism of the theory of stratification did not involve the New Text Study of Confucian Classics.The argument that“the New Text Study of Confucian Classics contributes to the theory of stratification”first appears in the chapter of History and Politics under the Theory of Five Virtues,which is after the first volume of Ku Shih Pien——Preface.The theory of direct stratification challenged the theory of Tuogu Gaizhi,and trickled down to every argument of the theory of stratification,while under the joint interpretation of academic history and ideological history it seemed difficult for the theory of stratification to get rid of the imprint of New Text Study of Confucian Classics.However,the multiple conflicts between the existing interpretation and the situation at that time require a new understanding of the relationship between them.Returning to Gu Jiegang with positive narration,we find that in the proposition period of the theory,Gu Jiegang’s attitude towards the New Text Study of Confucian Classics was not as close as it appears now,the theory of Tuogu Gaizhi did not get its favor,and keeping distance was his real state.This situation changed after the theory of stratification was put forward.The theory of Tuogu Gaizhi and even the theory that Liu Xin forged the Old Text literature were used to enrich the theory of stratification,and Gu Jiegang was no longer stingy to affirm the theory of New Text Study of Confucian Classics.This is the reason why the existing research has changed the propelling effect of New Text Study of Confucian Classics on the theory of stratification into its source effect.The theory of stratification is different from the New Text Study of Confucian Classics in essence,and different judgments of historical facts are the best illustration to distinguish them.Therefore,we need to talk about their relationship on the premise of rupture,only in this way can we ful

关 键 词：层累说 今文经学 顾颉刚 古史辨 托古改制说 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]