黏土矿物对病毒生物地球化学作用的影响探讨与展望  

Effects of clay minerals on biogeochemical significance of viruses:A review

作　　者：张晓文 刘焱[1] 郭东毅 董海良[1] 王海纳 Xiaowen Zhang;Yan Liu;Dongyi Guo;Hailiang Dong;Haina Wang(Center for Geomicrobiology and Biogeochemistry Research,State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京),地质微生物与生物地球化学研究中心,生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《科学通报》2023年第1期87-99,共13页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41902316);中国博士后科学基金(2018M640159)资助。

摘　　要：作为自然界丰度最高的生命体,病毒活跃于海洋、土壤、冰川等各类生态系统.通过侵染细菌、古菌及真核微生物,病毒在调控微生物群落和元素生物地球化学循环过程中扮演着关键角色.在自然环境中,病毒与无机或有机颗粒存在广泛的相互作用.黏土矿物是广泛分布于陆地和海洋环境的无机颗粒,陆地生态系统中的黏土矿物可在大气、河流和冰川的作用下搬运至海洋,并在水体中沉降形成深海沉积物.黏土矿物对病毒具有高度亲和力,影响着环境中病毒的丰度、活性和感染能力.因此,黏土矿物对病毒介导的生物地球化学循环过程有着重要的影响.本文从各类生境中病毒的生态功能、病毒的生物地球化学作用模型和黏土矿物对病毒的吸附作用3个方面进行了概述,并讨论了陆地和海洋生态系统中黏土矿物的吸附作用对病毒功能和生物地球化学作用的潜在影响,提出黏土矿物是影响病毒驱动的生物地球化学循环不可忽视的因素,未来应将黏土矿物作为评估病毒生物地球化学作用的参数之一.Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in nature and thrive in various ecosystems such as oceans,soils,and glaciers.Viruses have a significant influence on global-scale biogeochemical cycles and play a crucial role in maintaining the biodiversity and ecological stability of the biosphere through lysis of host cells and regulation of host metabolism.In this study,we reviewed the ecological functions and biogeochemical models of viruses in marine,soil,and glacial ecosystems.The impact of viruses on biogeochemical cycling varies across ecosystems owing to their varying abundance,distribution,and survival strategies.In particular,viruses are the dominant drivers of nutrient cycling in extreme environments,such as deep oceans and cryoconite holes.In aquatic environments,sediments,or soils,viruses interact extensively with organic and inorganic particles.Clay minerals are inorganic particles widely distributed in terrestrial and marine ecosystems,and their high affinity for viruses has a significant impact on viral abundance and activity.Previous research has focused on the adsorption behavior of viruses on clay minerals,showing that hydrophobic interactions and a variety of environmental factors,such as temperature,ionic strength,p H,and flow velocity,are principally responsible for viral adsorption on clay minerals.The biological significance of clay-virus interactions has received little attention.However,how clay minerals influence the ecological functions of viruses in various ecosystems is still unclear.In this study,we discuss the potential impact of clay minerals on ecological and biogeochemical functions of viruses in marine and terrestrial ecosystems.Clay minerals protect virus particles from degradation,enhancing the viability of viruses,and influence viral migration,thus playing an important role in viral attachment to host cells and infection efficiency.In marine ecosystems,viruses are adsorbed onto suspended clay particles and settle vertically in the deep ocean,which may transport abundant pro

关 键 词：病毒 生态功能 黏土矿物 吸附作用 生物地球化学循环 

分 类 号：Q939.4[生物学—微生物学] P593[天文地球—地球化学]