速度滑冰运动员入弯滑跑技术下肢肌电特征比较研究  

Comparison of Lower Limb EMG for Speed Skaters during Turn Running

作　　者：赵毅博[1] 刘亚卓 闫子东 高源伯 张杰 乔璐 ZHAO Yibo;LIU Yazhuo;YAN Zidong;GAO Yuanbo;ZHANG Jie;QIAO Lu(School of Physical Education,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,China)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学体育学院,河北石家庄050024

出　　处：《南京体育学院学报》2022年第12期39-44,共6页Journal of Nanjing Sports Institute

基　　金：河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(QN2020437);河北省技术创新引导计划科技冬奥专项(19975705D)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨速度滑冰运动员入弯滑跑技术下肢肌电特征,为其运动技术诊断及运动水平提升提供参考。方法:从河北省速度滑冰队中选取16名速度滑冰运动员,采集并分析其入弯滑跑技术状态下左右两侧臀大肌、左右两侧股直肌、左右两侧股四头肌外侧、左右两侧股四头肌内侧、左右两侧股二头肌、左右两侧胫骨前肌、左右两侧腓肠肌内侧、左右两侧半腱肌等处骨骼肌表面肌电。结果:蹬冰期高水平男子组左腿臀大肌积分肌电百分比低于中、低水平组(P<0.01);右腿臀大肌积分肌电百分比小于低水平组,股直肌百分比大于低水平组(P<0.05)。高水平女子组左腿臀大肌积分肌电百分比小于低水平组,半腱、腓内肌百分比大于低水平组,右腿臀大肌积分肌电百分比小于低水平组,股直肌百分比大于低水平组(P<0.05)。此外,高水平男子组蹬冰期肌肉激活程度左腿腓内、半腱肌、右腿股外、股内激活程度均高于低水平组,而臀大肌激活程度小于低水平组(P<0.05)。高水平女子组左腿腓肠肌内侧激活程度高于中、低水平组,半腱肌激活程度高于低水平组;股内、股直激活程度大于低水平组,而臀大肌激活程度小于低水平组(P<0.05)。结论:速度滑冰运动员入弯滑跑的主要做功肌群为两侧股四头肌内侧、股四头肌外侧和胫骨前肌;股直肌在右腿蹬冰期为主要做功肌群。高水平运动员在保持较低滑行姿势时,髋关节表现为伸展,臀大肌发力,且髋、膝同时蹬伸。By using the methods of literature,testing,mathematical statistics and other research methods,the EMG parameters of lower extremities of 16 athletes of different levels in Hebei Province speed skating team during the ice-skating period were comparatively analyzed and studied,and the differences of entering curve techniques among speed skaters of different levels were scientifically explored.The results showed that,the medial side of quadriceps femoris,lateral side of quadriceps femoris and tibialis anterior muscle of the left and right legs in male and female groups were the main working muscle group,while the rectus femoris muscle was the main working muscle group in the right leg ice stage.Gastrocnemius,semitendinosus and gluteus maximus show unstable characteristics.When the athletes in the high-level group maintained a low sliding posture,the hip joint was extended,the gluteus maximus muscle was deployed,and the lower limb force chain was formed by the hip and knee pushing out at the same time.In the middle and low-level groups,the hip and knee joints were not fully extended,and the gluteus maximus muscle might have excess discharge.

关 键 词：速度滑冰 不同水平 滑跑技术 表面肌电 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]