反垄断视域下守门人制度的立法表达及其反思  

The Legislative Expression of Gatekeeper System from an Antitrust Perspective

作　　者：朱战威 Zhu Zhanwei

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学经济法学院 [2]西南政法大学竞争法研究中心

出　　处：《地方立法研究》2023年第1期51-63,共13页Local Legislation Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA150);2022年重庆市教育委员会人文社会科学研究一般项目(22SKGH043);中国博士后第69批面上资助项目(2021M692701);重庆市博士后研究项目特别资助(渝人社办[2020]379号)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：超级平台及其构筑的数字生态系统对反垄断法造成了明显挑战,欧盟率先通过《数字市场法》建立守门人制度予以应对。美国、中国紧随其后拟分别规定受监管平台和超大平台制度,三者具有共同的制度内核和实践逻辑。守门人制度向特定平台主体施以特殊的法律义务,简化了复杂的经济分析过程并呈现出明显的事前管制特征。这在一定程度上突破了既有反垄断法的事后个案分析范式,与传统反垄断分析路径存在潜在分歧。我国拟引入守门人制度作为平台反垄断的配套措施,由此可能呈现出管制与竞争的分立格局,应当以反垄断法为基础吸收整合守门人制度,从而化解不同制度之间的冲突风险。Super-platforms and the digital ecosystem they build have posed an obvious challenge to antitrust law.The European Union has taken the lead in setting a gatekeeper system through the Digital Markets Act.The United States and China plan to regulate the covered platform system and the super-platform system respectively,which have the same institutional core elements and practical logic with those in European Union.The gatekeeper system imposes special legal obligations on specific platform,which simplifies the complicated economic analysis process and presents obvious characteristics of ex-ante control.The regulation-oriented gatekeeper system breaks through the existing post-hoc case analysis paradigm of antitrust law to a certain extent and has potential differences with the traditional antitrust analysis path.China plans to introduce gatekeeper system as a supporting measure of platform antitrust,which may cause the contradiction of regulation and competition.The gatekeeper system should be absorbed and integrated into the antitrust law,so as to address the conflict risk between different systems.

关 键 词：超级平台 守门人制度 数字市场法 反垄断法 

分 类 号：D912.29[政治法律—民商法学] D996[政治法律—经济法学]