青少年精英网球运动员与职业网球运动员竞技表现特征差异研究  

Differences of Competitive Performance Characteristics between Elite Teenager Players and Professional Tennis Players

作　　者：金胜真[1] 刘占锋 郭志光[3] JIN Shengzhen;LIU Zhanfeng;GUO Zhiguang(School of Tennis,Wuhan Sports Univ.,Wuhan 430079,China;School of P.E.,Wuhan Univ.of Science&Tech.,Wuhan 430081,China;Hubei Univ.of Chinese Medicine,Wuhan 430065,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉体育学院网球学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]武汉科技大学体育学院,湖北武汉430081 [3]湖北中医药大学体育学院,湖北武汉430065

出　　处：《武汉体育学院学报》2023年第2期91-100,共10页Journal of Wuhan Sports University

基　　金：湖北省教育厅科学研究计划指导性项目(B2021192);湖北省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目(16Y080);湖北省教育科学规划重点项目(2020GA050)。

摘　　要：基于长时间跨度、多项重要赛事的大规模数据,首先对青少年与职业网球运动员的年龄、数量增长及参赛特征进行对比分析,然后再从比赛特征和击球特征两个方面对16~18岁青少年精英网球运动员和职业运动员的表现进行了对比研究。结果:(1)青少年精英网球运动员数量年增长率显著高于职业运动员。(2)青少年精英网球运动员与职业运动员的参赛特征存在显著性差异。(3)在发球、网前得分率、制胜分/非受迫性失误比等比赛特征数据上,青少年精英网球运动员与职业运动员存在显著性差异。(4)在击球角度、击球速度、移动距离、平均冲刺速度等击球特征数据上,青少年精英网球运动员与职业运动员存在显著性差异。结论:(1)职业赛事比青少年赛事竞争更为激烈,比赛的胜负差更小,对运动员生理和心理要求更高。(2)职业运动员击球的速度、稳定性、攻击性和多样性等均优于青少年精英运动员。(3)职业运动员击球速度更快角度更大,对回球的预判比青少年精英运动员更好。This paper made a comparative analysis of the age,number growth and competition characteristics of the teenager tennis players and the professional tennis players,and a comparative study of the performance of the elite teenage tennis athletes aged 16~18 and the professional tennis athletes from competition characteristics and hitting characteristics that reflected the competitive performance characteristics of the tennis athletes based on data obtained from multiple major sports games.It was shown that the annual growth rate of the number of the teenager players was significantly higher than that of the professional athletes.There was a significant difference between the competing characteristics of the teenager and professional players.There were significant differences between the teenager players and the professional athletes in service,scoring rate in front of the net,winning point/unforced error ratio and other game characteristic data.There were significant differences between the teenager and professional players in hitting angle speed,moving distance,average sprint speed and other hitting characteristic data.It could be concluded that the professional games were more competitive than the teenage players due to the higher physical and psychological demands on the human body.The speed,stability,aggressiveness and diversity of the professional players were better than the teenager players in all aspects,especially in the service skills.The professional athletes hit the ball faster and at greater angles,and they anticipated the opponent’s return better than the teenage players.

关 键 词：网球 青少年精英运动员 职业网球运动员 竞技表现 比赛特征 击球特征 

分 类 号：G845[文化科学—体育训练]