土壤水分对富士苹果果实外观品质的影响  

Effect of Soil Moisture on the Fruit Appearance Quality of Fuji Apple

作　　者：穆家壮 徐孙霞 薄海丰 陈家伟 王三红[1] 渠慎春[1] MU Jiazhuang;XU Sunxia;BO Haifeng;CHEN Jiawei;WANG Sanhong;QU Shenchun(College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210000,China;Fengxian Fruit Industry Research Institute,Fengxian,Jiangsu 221700,China;Fengxian Fruit Tree Practical Technology Research Institute,Fengxian,Jiangsu 221700,China;Fengxian Lvsheng Agricultural Science and Technology Development Limited,Fengxian,Jiangsu 221700,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院,南京210000 [2]丰县果业研究院,江苏丰县221700 [3]丰县果树实用技术研究所,江苏丰县221700 [4]丰县绿晟农业科技发展有限公司,江苏丰县221700

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2023年第1期88-96,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：江苏省科学技术厅苏北科技专项-先导性项目(XZ-SZ202105);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(KYZZ2022004);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1000100)。

摘　　要：为探究不同果园土壤水分处理对富士苹果果实品质的影响,并重点探究外观品质的差异,筛选出最适宜生产中采用的控水方法,以‘烟富3号’富士苹果品种作为材料,按照土壤相对含水量设置两组水分处理,一组为LT1(55%~65%)、LT2(65%~75%)和LT3(75%~85%),另一组为LT4(前期55%~65%,后期45%~55%)、LT5(前期65%~75%,后期55%~65%)和LT6(前期75%~85%,后期65%~75%),以生理落果为节点,划分处理前期和后期,以普通果园水分管理作为对照处理(LCK),分别测定土壤含水量以及相应果实可溶性固形物含量,计算果实裂纹指数、着色指数和光洁指数,并用扫描电镜观测果皮超微结构。结果表明:(1)LT1、LT4、LT5处理的果实可溶性固形物含量比LCK分别显著提高13.4%、15.2%、13.1%。(2)与LCK相比,LT2、LT3、LT5、LT6处理果实的裂纹指数分别降低了49.8%、19.8%、49.8%、30.1%,LT1、LT2、LT5处理果实的着色指数分别提高了3.4%、14.0%、17.4%,LT1~LT6处理果实的光洁指数分别提高了50.4%、150.4%、125.6%、45.2%、175.9%、100.8%。(3)果皮显微结构观察表明,控制处理前、后期土壤水分不稳定会导致果皮角质层的严重开裂,LT5处理避免了这一情况的发生,而健康果实的果皮角质层厚度大于裂果的果皮。(4)健康果实的水势(-1.22 MPa)明显高于裂果的水势(-1.44 MPa),且果实水势与裂纹发生呈负相关关系。研究认为,适当的土壤水分胁迫(65%~75%)不影响果实食用品质,同时可显著降低果实表面裂纹的发生率,提高果面光洁度;在果实发育后期,适当的轻度控水处理会促进果实的糖积累并减少裂纹的产生;果实裂纹的发生与果皮角质层厚度和果实水势相关,厚度越大、水势越高,裂纹发生越少。土壤相对含水量LT2与LT5处理的苹果果实兼具良好的食用品质与外观品质。In order to explore the influence of different soil moisture treatments in different orchards on Fuji apple fruit quality,we focused on the differences in appearance quality,screened the most suitable water control method used in production.With the Fuji apple variety‘Yanfu 3’as material,we divided soil water treatment into two groups:group 1 with LT1(55%-65%),LT2(65%-75%),LT3(75%-85%)and group 2 LT4(earlier stage 55%-65%,later 45%-55%),LT5(earlier stage 65%-75%,later 55%-65%),LT6(earlier stage 75%-85%,later 65%-75%),with physiological fruit drop as the node to divide the early and late treatment,and ordinary orchard management as the control(LCK).The soil water content and soluble solid content of fruit were determined,the crack index,coloring index and smoothness index of fruit were calculated,and the ultrastructure of fruit peel was observed by scanning electron microscopy.The results showed that:(1)compared with the control,soluble solid content of fruit treated by LT1,LT4 and LT5 increased by 13.4%,15.2%and 13.1%,respectively.(2)The crack index of LT2,LT3,LT5 and LT6 fruits decreased by 49.8%,19.8%,49.8%and 30.1%,respectively.LT1,LT2 and LT5 increased the fruit coloring index by 3.4%,14.0%and 17.4%,respectively.LT1-LT6 treatments increased fruit smoothness index by 50.4%,150.4%,125.6%,45.2%,175.9%,100.8%,respectively.(3)The changes of peel microstructure showed that the instability before and after water control could lead to severe cuticle cracking,which was avoided by LT5 treatment.The cuticle thickness of healthy fruit was larger than that of split fruit.(4)The water potential of healthy fruit(-1.22 MPa)was significantly higher than that of cracked fruit(-1.44 MPa),and the water potential of fruit was negatively correlated with the occurrence of crack.In conclusion,appropriate soil water stress(65%-75%)can significantly reduce the incidence of fruit surface cracks and improve the fruit surface finish without affecting the edible quality of the fruit;In the late stage of fruit development,appropriate l

关 键 词：富士苹果 土壤水分 水势 外观品质 果实裂纹 

分 类 号：Q944.59[生物学—植物学] Q945.79[农业科学—果树学] S661.1[农业科学—园艺学]