盐胁迫对甜樱桃砧木生理特性及光合荧光参数的影响  

Effect of Salt Stress on Physiological Characteristics and Photosynthetic Fluorescence Parameters of Sweet Cherry Rootstock

作　　者：李焕勇 廖方舟 刘景超[1] 王芝学[1] 杨丽芳[1] LI Huanyong;LIAO Fangzhou;LIU Jingchao;WANG Zhixue;YANG Lifang(The Research Institute of Forestry and Pomology,Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市农业科学院林业果树研究所,天津300384

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2023年第1期127-135,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：天津市农业科学院青年科技创新项目(2020012);天津市林果现代农业产业技术体系核果岗(ITTHRS2021000);天津市科技帮扶提升项目(20ZYCGSN00140)。

摘　　要：以1年生甜樱桃砧木‘吉塞拉6号’和‘考特’幼苗为材料,采用盆栽试验,研究不同浓度NaCl(0、50、100、150 mmol·L^(-1))处理对其主要渗透调节物质、抗氧化酶活性、光合特性以及叶绿素荧光参数的影响,探究甜樱桃砧木对盐胁迫响应的生理机制。结果表明:(1)NaCl处理促进了甜樱桃砧木叶片中可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸等渗透调节物质的积累。(2)随着NaCl处理浓度的升高,甜樱桃砧木叶片中SOD活性呈现升高趋势,而POD活性表现出先升高后降低趋势。(3)随着NaCl处理浓度的升高,甜樱桃砧木叶片的净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))逐渐降低,而胞间CO_(2)浓度(C i)逐渐升高,非气孔限制为甜樱桃砧木叶片P_(n)下降的主要因素。(4)NaCl处理抑制了甜樱桃砧木叶片的最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))、光化学淬灭系数(q P)和电子传递效率(ETR),增加了非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)。研究发现,盐胁迫破坏了甜樱桃砧木的光合机构,抑制了电子传递速率和光化学量子效率,降低了对光能的利用率,导致光合速率降低;甜樱桃砧木在盐胁迫条件下主要通过增加渗透调节物质含量和提高抗氧化酶活性来缓解渗透胁迫并降低氧化损伤,从而提高对盐胁迫的适应能力;‘吉塞拉6号’在盐胁迫条件下表现出更强的适应能力,其耐盐性更强;甜樱桃砧木在高于100 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl处理时表现出明显受害症状。In order to investigate the physiological mechanism of sweet cherry rootstock under NaCl treatment,we studied the osmotic regulation substances,antioxidant enzyme activities,photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of sweet cherry rootstocks‘Gisela 6’and‘Colt’seedlings under different concentrations(0,50,100,150 mmol·L^(-1))of NaCl solution with potted 1-year-old seedlings.The results showed that:(1)NaCl treatment promoted the accumulation of osmotic regulatory substances such as soluble sugar,soluble protein and proline in sweet cherry rootstock leaves.(2)With the increase of NaCl concentration,SOD activity in sweet cherry rootstock leaves showed an increasing trend,while POD activity increased first and then decreased.(3)With the increase of NaCl concentration,the net photosynthetic rate(P n)and stomatal conductance(G_(s))decreased gradually,while the intercellular CO_(2)concentration(C_(i))increased gradually in sweet cherry rootstocks.Non-stomatal limitation was the main factor for the decrease of P n.(4)NaCl treatment inhibited the maximum photochemical efficiency(F v/F m),photochemical quenching coefficient(q P)and electron transfer efficiency(ETR),and increased non-photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ)in sweet cherry rootstock leaves.In conclusion,salt stress destroyed the photosynthetic mechanism of sweet cherry rootstocks,inhibited the electron transfer rate and photochemical quantum efficiency,and reduced the utilization rate of light energy,resulting in the decrease of photosynthetic rate.Under the condition of salt stress,sweet cherry rootstocks can improve the adaptability to salt stress mainly increasing the content of osmotic regulatory substances and increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes,relieving osmotic stress and reducing oxidative damage.‘Gisela 6’showed stronger adaptability and salt tolerance under salt stress.Sweet cherry rootstocks showed obvious symptoms of victimization when treated with more than 100 mmol·L^(-1)NaCl.

关 键 词：盐胁迫 甜樱桃砧木 生理特性 光合荧光参数 

分 类 号：Q945.78[生物学—植物学] S662.5[农业科学—果树学]