我国载人航天器结构与机构系统设计与优化  

Structure and Mechanism System Design and Optimization of China Manned Spacecraft

作　　者：陈同祥[1] 施丽铭[1] 张琳[1] 刘峰[1] 臧晓云[1] 常洁[1] 马凯[1] 梁东平[1] 孙维[1] 石文静[1] 夏祥东[1] 王波 王宁[1] 罗毅欣[1] 周志勇[1] CHEN Tongxiang;SHI Liming;ZHANG Lin;LIU Feng;ZANG Xiaoyun;CHANG Jie;MA Kai;LIANG Dongping;SUN Wei;SHI Wenjing;XIA Xiangdong;WANG Bo;WANG Ning;LUO Yixin;ZHOU Zhiyong(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094

出　　处：《航天器工程》2022年第6期117-129,共13页Spacecraft Engineering

基　　金：中国载人航天工程。

摘　　要：介绍了我国载人航天30年发展历程中,载人航天器结构与机构系统设计与发展历程。在载人航天工程第一步,设计了神舟飞船结构与机构系统并随着工程的进展不断优化提升;在载人航天工程第二步,研发了天宫目标飞行器和空间实验室、天舟货运飞船结构与机构平台,为空间站研制奠定了技术基础;在载人航天工程第三步,研制了空间站天和核心舱、问天实验舱I、梦天实验舱II结构与机构系统。通过五大结构与机构系统的研制,突破了载人大型密封舱结构设计与长寿命技术、再入防热技术、舱段连接分离技术、密封舱门与健康检测等技术,为保证航天员安全和型号成功做出了重要贡献,结构与机构技术取得了一个又一个飞跃发展。This paper introduces the design and development of the structure and mechanism system of manned spacecraft in the thirty years of the development of manned space flight in China. In the first phase of the manned spacecraft program, the structure and mechanism system of the Shenzhou spacecraft are designed and continuously optimized and improved with the progress of the program. In the second phase of the manned spacecraft program, the Tiangong target spacecraft and space laboratory, and the Tianzhou cargo spacecraft structure and institutional platform are developed, laying a technical foundation for the development of the space station. In the third phase of the manned spacecraft program, the structure and mechanism systems of the Tianhe core module, the Wentian experimental module I and the Mengtian experimental module II of the space station are developed. Through the development of five major structures and mechanism systems, the breakthroughs have been made in the structural design and long-life technology of manned large sealed cabin, re-entry heat protection technology, segment connection and separation technology, sealed cabin door and health detection technology, and made important contributions to ensure the safety of astronauts and the success of models. The structure and mechanism technology has made leaps and bounds.

关 键 词：中国载人航天工程 结构与机构系统 神舟飞船 天宫目标飞行器 天舟货运飞船 空间站 

分 类 号：V414[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]