空间核能磁流体发电系统性能分析及参数优化  

Performance Analysis and Parametric Optimization of Space Nuclear Power System Combined with MHD Power Generation

作　　者：王志鹏 吉宇[1] 石磊[1] WANG Zhipeng;JI Yu;SHI Lei(Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《原子能科学技术》2023年第2期284-293,共10页Atomic Energy Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重大科技专项(ZX06901);民用航天项目(D010501)。

摘　　要：高温气冷堆结合磁流体发电是一种高效的空间电源系统,可以满足空间任务对于大功率、高效率的需求,具有广阔的应用前景。用于磁流体发电的空间核动力系统主要包括核反应堆、磁流体发电机、回热器、压气机、热辐射器等,本文对该系统循环过程进行分析,通过建立循环效率模型及质量模型开发了系统分析程序,在验证程序准确性的基础上对系统综合性能展开了分析。研究了压气机级数、循环冷端温度、循环热端温度、回热器回热度等因素对系统效率、比质量、辐射器面积、总质量的影响,并对1 MWth热功率下的动力系统进行了参数优化,实现了系统循环效率46.15%、总质量4 375 kg和比质量9.48 kg/kWe,在未来太空应用中具有很好的竞争力。High temperature gas cooled reactor combined with closed cycle magnetohydrodynamic power generation(CCMHD) is a promising technology for space applications. It can meet the requirements in space tasks for high power and high efficiency. The system mainly contains the nuclear reactor, the MHD generator, the regenerator, the compressors and the radiator. Helium is adopted as both the coolant and the power generation medium for its good ionization properties and chemical inertness. A set of 100 MWth space magnetohydrodynamic nuclear power system circulation scheme was proposed in other literatures. In this paper, thermodynamic models and mass models of this system were established dependently, and efficiency analysis along with specific mass analysis was conducted afterwards on the basis of verifying the accuracy of the program. Specifically, the developed analysis program was used, by means of selecting the same design parameters of the system cycle scheme for thermodynamic calculation and specific mass calculation, to compare with the literature results. Besides, the effects of the radiator temperature, the reactor outlet temperature, the number of compressors and the regenerator efficiency were also discussed for the use of parametric optimization. The research shows that increasing the temperature of the reactor outlet, decreasing the minimum cycle temperature, and increasing the number of compressor stages are all beneficial to improve the maximum cycle efficiency, and also increase the corresponding optimal enthalpy extraction rate and optimal pressure ratio. Moreover, increasing the regenerator efficiency is beneficial to improve the maximum cycle efficiency. However, it also reduces the corresponding optimal enthalpy extraction rate and optimal pressure ratio at the same time. After comprehensively considering many factors such as cycle efficiency, system specific mass, radiator area, system complexity, existing manufacturing capacity and technical level, a set of design parameters suitable for 1 MWth therma

关 键 词：空间核动力 磁流体发电 循环效率 比质量 参数优化 

分 类 号：TL3[核科学技术—核技术及应用]