脉冲X射线参考辐射场研究与建立  

Establishment and Study of Pulsed X-ray Reference Radiation Field

作　　者：高飞[1] 王菲菲 刘蕴韬[1] 丁雨阳 陈义珍[1] 倪宁[1] 王子琳 刘佳瑞 王子业 赵旭 GAO Fei;WANG Feifei;LIU Yuntao;DING Yuyang;CHEN Yizhen;NI Ning;WANG Ziling;LIU Jiarui;WANG Ziye;ZHAO Xu(Department of Nuclear Technology and Application,China Institute of Atomic Energy,National Key Laboratory for Metrology and Calibration Techniques,China National Nuclear Corporation Key Laboratory of Metrology and Measurement Technology,Beijing 102413,China)

机构地区：[1]中国原子能科学研究院核技术综合研究所,计量与校准技术重点实验室,中核核工业计量与测试技术重点实验室,北京102413

出　　处：《原子能科学技术》2023年第2期389-397,共9页Atomic Energy Science and Technology

摘　　要：脉冲辐射在新型探测器研制、工业探伤、X射线诊断、核事故应急和科学研究等领域中已得到了广泛应用,但其辐射剂量(率)测试难度极大。本文基于稳态X光机、脉冲X光机和便携式X光机研究建立了脉冲X射线参考辐射场,并基于脉冲X射线次级标准电离室和脉冲时间测量系统对辐射场的脉冲时间、脉冲剂量和瞬时剂量率等剂量学特性进行了研究。脉冲X射线参考辐射场的脉冲时间在50 ns~10 s之间可调,瞬时剂量率范围为2.5×10^(-3)~6.7×10^(5)Sv/h。本文所建立的脉冲X射线参考辐射场涵盖了环境水平、防护水平、诊断与治疗水平、核应急水平和核临界水平等剂量率水平范围,可用于主动式脉冲辐射剂量仪、个人剂量计和核临界事故探测与报警系统的脉冲响应特性研究,对于解决脉冲辐射剂量监测仪器的校准难题具有重要意义。Research on radiation protection dosimetry mainly focuses on continuous radiation in the world,but pulsed ionizing radiation has been widely used in the fields of industrial detection,X-ray diagnosis,security inspection and scientific research.The active electronic dosimeter has been widely used in the fields of environmental monitoring,regional monitoring,personal dose monitoring and emergency monitoring.The active electronic dosimeters are calibrated in continuous radiation field,and they cannot measure short pulse and high dose rate pulsed ionizing radiation accurately.The active radiation dosimeter can be divided into G-M counter type,scintillator detector type,semiconductor detector type and ionization chamber type according to different radiation detection principles.The measurement of pulsed X-ray dose is very difficult due to its short duration and high instantaneous dose rate.Taking nanosecond radiation pulse as an example,its single pulse dose usually reaches more than 1μSv,and the instantaneous dose rate can reach more than 10^(5)Sv/h.For G-M counter and semiconductor detector,there are problems of measurement stacking and detection dead time,so it is difficult to achieve such a high dose-rate response,and there is an over-response problem in the instrument,which will inevitably affect the accuracy of monitoring results.The measurement of pulsed radiation dose(rate)is difficult.However,pulsed ionizing radiation has been widely used in many fields,such as the development of new detector,industrial flaw detection,X-ray diagnosis,nuclear emergency response and scientific research,etc.In this paper,the reference ionizing radiation field of pulsed X-ray was established based on steady-state X-ray machine,pulsed X-ray machine and portable X-ray machine.In order to measure the dose of pulsed reference field,the theoretical calculation,Monte Carlo simulation and experiment method were used to develop a secondary standard ionization chamber for millisecond pulsed X-rays.From the experimental data,it can be see

关 键 词：脉冲X射线 脉冲时间测量系统 核临界 核临界事故γ辐射探测与报警系统 脉冲辐射场 

分 类 号：TL72[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]