非罪化事由及其特别问题  

Decriminalization Reasons and their Particular Issues

作　　者：马荣春 马光远 Ma Rongchun;Ma Guangyuan

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学法律系,江苏南京211105 [2]海南大学法学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《湖湘法学评论》2023年第1期78-102,共25页HUXIANG LAW REVIEW

摘　　要：非罪化事由概念形成于对排除社会危害性行为、违法阻却事由、合法抗辩事由乃至正当化事由的概念包容与“扬弃”,其根据是“社会容忍性”。非罪化事由中的特别问题,是指法定的非罪化事由和超法规的非罪化事由中一直存在特别争议或在“想当然”之中被忽视的相关具体问题。在非罪化事由中,正当防卫的限度问题、防卫意识问题、防卫过当罪过形式及其定罪问题需予特别的再考量;紧急避险的生命限度问题需予特别的再考量;业务事由中的正当业务行为的概念扩容和业务过当行为的刑事责任需予新的考量;被害人承诺的事后性、承诺行为的过当性、被害人承诺代理和假定承诺代理概念、承诺行为的认识错误,需予特别的考量和澄清;政令行为中的职务行为与正当防卫的关系问题、行政许可行为非罪化的根据问题是需予特别考量的问题。The concept of decriminalization is formed from the inclusion and"sublation"of the concept of social harmfulness exclusion,elimination of misfeasance,legal defense and even justification,and its basis is"social tolerance".Special issues in decriminalization reasons refer to relevant specific issues that have always been particularly controversial or ignored in the“legal decriminalization”and super-legal decriminalization reasons.Among the decriminalization grounds,the issue of the selfdefense limit,awareness,and the form of the fault of excessive self-defense and the issue of conviction need to be reconsidered;among the decriminalization grounds,the issue of the life limit of emergency avoidance requires special reconsideration.In decriminalization,the expansion of the concept of legitimate professional conduct in profession reasons and the criminal responsibility for profession misconduct require new consideration;Inappropriateness,The ex-post nature of the victim’s commitment,the inappropriateness of the commitment behavior,the concept of the victim’s commitment agency,assumed commitment agency,and the misunderstanding of the commitment behavior need special consideration and clarification.In the decriminalization,the relationship between official behavior of decree behavior and self-defense,and the question of the basis for the decriminalization of conduct is a matter of special consideration.

关 键 词：非罪化事由 正当防卫 紧急避险 正当业务行为 被害人承诺 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]