1979-2018年青藏高原不同地区积雪季极端降水水汽来源分析  

The Analysis of Water Vapor Sources of Extreme Precipitation in Different Subregions of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau during the Snow Season from 1979 to 2018

作　　者：王卫国 李弘毅 朱小凡 谢泽明 王建 郝晓华 WANG Weiguo;LI Hongyi;ZHU Xiaofan;XIE Zeming;WANG Jian;HAO Xiaohua(Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Gansu Province,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]江苏省地理信息资源开发与利用协同创新中心,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《高原气象》2022年第6期1367-1383,共17页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41971399,42171391);青海省基础研究项目(2020-ZJ-731);青海省防灾减灾重点实验室开放基金(QFZ-2021-G01)。

摘　　要：水汽是青藏高原水文循环的重要组成部分,对青藏高原地区的降水、水资源等有着重要的影响。本文利用FLEXPART方法,研究了1979-2018年青藏高原4个区域(青藏高原北部NEQXP、西北地区NWQXP、东南地区SEQXP和西南地区SWQXP)积雪季极端降水的水汽来源及相对贡献。研究表明:(1)NEQXP、NWQXP和SWQXP的年极端降水量和年极端降水日数显著增加,而SEQXP则不显著。(2)青藏高原4个区域极端降水的水汽贡献存在明显差异,SEQXP和SWQXP极端降水主要由阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾的水汽控制,而对NEQXP极端降水贡献最多的是本地蒸发,中亚地区的水汽对NWQXP极端降水的贡献占据主导地位。(3)阿拉伯海孟加拉湾地区、地中海地区、北非阿拉伯半岛地区、SWQXP、中亚地区和NWQXP逐年持续的水汽供应,引起NWQXP逐年极端降水的增加;而NEQXP极端降水增加更多是因为NWQXP逐年水汽增加;SWQXP极端降水增加是因为中亚地区和SWQXP逐年持续水汽的供给导致。这些结果有助于加深对青藏高原内部水汽循环差异和极端降水事件的认识,并从水汽来源的角度解释当前极端降水逐年增加的机制。Water vapor is a critical component of the hydrological cycle,and has an important impact on precipitation and water resources on to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP). In this paper,we investigated the water vapor source and contribution of extreme precipitation over four subregions in the Tibetan Plateau during the snow season from 1979 to 2018 by using the Flexible Particle Dispersion Method(FLEXPART). Based on the existing studies,QXP was divided into the northeastern part of QXP(NEQXP),northwestern part of QXP(NWQXP),southeastern part of QXP(SEQXP)and southwestern part of QXP(SWQXP). The results shows that CMFD has better quality than CPC and HAR,thus we applied CMFD detecting extreme precipitation events over subregions of QXP. The spatial distribution of extreme precipitation showed great spatial difference among four subregions.The areas with high extreme precipitation of NEQXP,NWQXP,SEQXP and SWQXP are mainly distributed around Qionglai Mountain,Karakoram Mountains,Yarlung Zangbo River,and western Himalayas,respectively. Annual extreme precipitation and annual extreme precipitation days increase significantly in the NEQXP,NWQXP and SWQXP while it is insignificantly increasing in the SEQXP. There were significant differences in the water vapor contribution to extreme precipitation over the subregions of QXP. The extreme precipitation in the SEQXP and SWQXP are mainly controlled by water vapor from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal,while that in the NEQXP is dominated by the water vapor from the local sources,and that in the NWQXP is controlled by water vapor originating from the Central Asia. The continuously increasing water vapor supply over the Bay of Bengal,the Mediterranean,the Arabian Peninsula,the SWQXP,the Central Asia and the NWQXP lead to the increase of the annual extreme precipitation over the NWQXP. Increase of extreme precipitation in the NEQXP is more due to the increase of water vapor in the NEQXP year by year. The continuously increasing water vapor supply from the Central Asia and SWQXP

关 键 词：青藏高原 极端降水 积雪季 FLEXPART方法 水汽来源 

分 类 号：P426[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]