柴达木盆地东北缘山区和平原区雨滴谱特征对比研究  

The Mountainous and Plain Areas on the Northeastern Margin of the Qaidam Basin Contrast Study on Raindrop Spectrum Characteristics

作　　者：彭旺 李琼 魏加华[1,2,3] 乔禛[1,2] 申惟文 柏文文 贺巨龙 祁昌贤[1] PENG Wang;LI Qiong;WEI Jiahua;QIAO Zhen;SHEN Weiwen;BAI Wenwen;HE Julong;QI Changxian(School of Water Resources and Electric Power,Laboratory of Ecological Protection and High Quality Development in the Upper Yellow River,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China;State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学水利电力学院/黄河上游生态保护与高质量发展实验室,青海西宁810016 [2]青海大学三江源生态与高原农牧国家重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [3]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《高原气象》2022年第6期1471-1480,共10页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：青海省科技厅基础研究计划项目青年基金项目(2019-ZJ-968Q);重点专项计划项目(2020-GX-ZL15);清华大学-宁夏银川水联网数字治水联合研究院横向课题(SKL-IOW-2020TC2004-02)。

摘　　要：利用2020年7-9月在柴达木盆地东北缘宗务隆山不同海拔处的雨滴谱观测资料,对不同降雨强度下不同粒径雨滴微物理参量的贡献、粒径-粒子数浓度平均谱、微物理特征参量和反射率因子-降雨强度(Z-R)关系展开研究。结果表明:雨滴数密度主要由小雨滴贡献,中雨滴和大雨滴则是反射率因子Z、降雨强度R和液态水含量W的主要贡献,大雨滴对Z、R和W的贡献在海拔较高的山区站占比更高。山区站在小雨、中雨和大雨时的谱宽更宽,且在不同降雨强度下大雨滴端的粒子数浓度要更高,地形的抬升对较大雨滴的N(D)有明显的促进作用。质量加权平均直径(D_(m))随海拔升高而增大,R更高时雨滴直径也越大。广义截断参数(Log_(10)N_(w))会随降雨强度升高而先增大后有所减小,较小雨滴是构成降雨的主要来源,柴达木盆地降雨有其独特的雨滴谱结构特征。山区站Log_(10)N_(w)与D_(m)的分布更为离散,且山区站相比平原站Log_(10)N_(w)偏低而D_(m)偏高。若采用统一的降水估测公式Z=300R^(1.4)会产生对降雨量的高估,山区站点降雨的高估更严重。Based on the rain drop size distribution(DSD)observation data at different altitudes of Zongwulong mountain on the northeast edge of Qaidam Basin from July to September 2020,the contribution of different particle size raindrop microphysical parameters,particle size particle number concentration average spectrum,microphysical characteristic parameters and the relationship between reflectivity factor and rain rate(Z-R)under different rain rate were studied. The results show that the number density of raindrops is mainly contributed by small raindrops,while medium raindrops and heavy raindrops are the main contributions of reflectivity factor Z,rain rate R and liquid water content W. The contribution of heavy raindrops to Z,R and W is higher in Mountain Site with higher altitude. The spectral width of Mountain Site in light rain,moderate rain and heavy rain is wider,and the particle number concentration at the end of heavy rain drops is higher under different rain rate. The lifting of terrain can significantly promote the N(D)of larger raindrops. The mass weighted average diameter(D_(M))increases with the increase of altitude,and the raindrop diameter increases when R is higher. The generalized truncation parameter(log_(10)N_(w))will first increase and then decrease with the increase of rain rate. Smaller raindrops are the main source of rainfall. Rainfall in Qaidam Basin has its unique rain drop size distribution structure characteristics. The distribution of log_(10)N_(w)and D_(M) of Mountain Site is more discrete,and the log_(10)N_(w)of Mountain Site is lower and D_(M) is higher than that of Plain Site. If the unified precipitation estimation formula Z=300R^(1.4)were adopted,the rainfall will be overestimated,and the overestimation of rainfall at Mountain Site will be more serious.

关 键 词：柴达木盆地 雨滴谱 地形 微物理特征参量 Z-R关系 

分 类 号：P426.62[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]