鄂尔多斯沙地人工柠条林能量平衡与蒸散研究  

Study On Energy Balance and Evapotranspiration of an Artificial Caragana korshinskii Shrub Land in Ordos Plateau

作　　者：马启民 李永山 王海兵 贾晓鹏 MA Qimin;LI Yongshan;WANG Haibing;JIA Xiaopeng(College of Resources and Environment,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225,Sichuan,China;School of Urban and Planning,Yancheng Teachers University,Yancheng 224000,Jiangsu,China;College of Desert Control Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,Inner Mongolia,China;Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]成都信息工程大学资源环境学院,四川成都610225 [2]盐城师范学院城市与规划学院,江苏盐城224000 [3]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [4]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《高原气象》2022年第6期1511-1521,共11页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：成都信息工程大学人才引进项目(KYTZ202113);中国科学院科技服务网络计划(29Y829E31);科技兴蒙重点专项(KJXMEEDS-2020006,2022ZEDSKJXM004)。

摘　　要：人工造林使得库布齐沙漠和毛乌素沙地的生态快速逆转,深入理解沙地人工林的水能变化特征,对改善现有人工林的经营管理和开展人工林建设具有重要意义。本研究在鄂尔多斯高原银肯沙林场,利用波文比系统测定了2014年6月至2016年6月辐射、湿度、温度等气象要素以及地表土壤热通量,系统分析了典型沙地人工柠条林不同天气条件下及不同时间尺度的能量通量变化以及蒸散特征。结果表明:日尺度上,晴天净辐射和地表土壤热通量呈单峰型,感热通量与潜热通量呈多峰型,感热通量在净辐射中占较大的比例,地表土壤热通量在净辐射中占的比例最小。各能量通量受天气影响非常大,但仍以感热输送为主。月尺度上,净辐射呈单峰型,月平均为37.3 W·m^(-2)。地表土壤热通量波动较大,在净辐射中所占的比例为7.2%。感热通量与净辐射变化基本一致,感热通量在净辐射中占大部分比例,月平均为24.5 W·m^(-2)。潜热通量波动较大,生长季的潜热通量要大于非生长季,月平均为10.1 W·m^(-2)。11月至次年2月净辐射主要转化为潜热通量,其他月份净辐射主要转化为感热通量。生长季蒸散量大,主要集中在每年的5-10月,蒸散量平均为144.7 mm;非生长季蒸散量较小,集中在每年的11月至次年的4月,蒸散量平均为55.6 mm。研究时段内总的蒸散量为461.3 mm,占同期总降水量的77.5%;2015年蒸散为176.8 mm,占同期降水量的90%,蒸散是沙地人工林生态系统最主要的水分支出项。Artificial afforestation has rapidly restored the ecology of the Hobq Desert and the Mu Us Sandy Land. A thorough understanding of the characteristics of water and energy in sand plantations is of great significance for improving the management of existing plantations and the development of plantation construction. In a typical sandy artificial Caragana Korshinskii forest in the Yinkensha Forest Farm of the Ordos Plateau,by use of the Bowen ratio system,meteorological variables such as radiation,humidity,and temperature,and surface soil heat flux were measured from June 2014 to June 2016. Energy flux and evapotranspiration under different weather conditions and different time scales in the area were then systematically analyzed based on the observed variables. The results show that on a daily scale,variations of the net radiation and surface soil heat flux on a sunny day were unimodal,while variations of the sensible heat flux and latent heat flux were multimodal. The sensible heat flux accounted for a large proportion of the net radiation,while the surface soil heat flux accounted for the smallest proportion. Energy fluxes were greatly affected by the weather condition,with sensible heat flux the domination in all weather conditions. On a month scale,the net radiation had a unimodal intra-annual variation,with a monthly average of 37. 3 W·m^(-2). The surface soil heat flux fluctuated greatly,accounting for 7. 2% of the net radiation. Variation of the sensible heat flux was basically consistent with the net radiation. The sensible heat flux accounted for most of the net radiation,and the monthly average was 24. 5 W·m^(-2). The latent heat flux fluctuated greatly,and was larger in the growing season than in the non-growing season,with a monthly average of10. 1 W·m^(-2). The net radiation was mainly transformed into latent heat flux from Novemeber to February of the following year,and was mainly transformed into sensible heat flux in other months. The evapotranspiration was144. 7 mm in the growing season from Ma

关 键 词：沙地人工林 波文比 能量通量 蒸散 

分 类 号：P426.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]