低负荷抗阻训练对老年人体适能的影响  

Effect of low-load resistance training on physical fitness in aged adults

作　　者：刘淑芬 张厚强 陈丽霞 LIU Shufen;ZHANG Houqiang;CHEN Lixia(Department of Rehabilitation Medicine,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Science,Beijing 100730,P.R.China;Institute of Nursing and Rehabilitation,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan,Hebei 063210,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医院康复医学科,北京100730 [2]华北理工大学护理与康复学院,河北唐山063210

出　　处：《华西医学》2023年第1期39-44,共6页West China Medical Journal

基　　金：国家卫生和计划生育委员会保健局中央保健科研课题([2017]114)。

摘　　要：目的探讨低负荷抗阻训练对老年人体适能的影响。方法选择2020年6月1日—2021年5月31日就诊于北京协和医院康复医学科门诊的老年人。采用随机数字表法将老年人随机分为中等强度有氧训练组(有氧训练组)、标准负荷抗阻训练组(标准负荷组)和低负荷抗阻训练组(低负荷组)3组。分别在患者第1次训练前和完成12周训练后采用盲法收集其基本信息、心肺耐力(峰值功率、峰值摄氧量)、心/肺功能改善情况[峰值心率、峰值心率预计值、峰值运动时分钟通气量(minute ventilation,VE)、无氧阈时二氧化碳通气当量]、肌肉力量(肌力)改变情况、肌氧饱和度改善情况等,比较训练前后各组指标的差异性。结果共纳入患者90例,每组各30例。3组患者的年龄、性别、身高、体重、体质量指数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。训练前后各组组间心肺耐力、心/肺功能、肌力、肌氧相关指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。除心功能相关指标(峰值心率、峰值心率预计值)和静息肌氧水平外,其他肺功能、心肺耐力、肌力、肌氧下降至谷值时间3组组内训练前后比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。除峰值功率、峰值摄氧量、肌氧下降至谷值时间(P>0.05)外,3组训练前后握力、胸部推举、坐姿划船、腿部伸展、髋部外展、身体弯曲和水平推蹬的肌力差值比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且低负荷组均优于有氧组(P<0.05),但标准负荷组的身体弯曲和水平推蹬改善均优于低负荷组(P<0.05)。结论低负荷抗阻训练与标准负荷抗阻训练和有氧训练在改善老年人体适能方面作用几乎相同。低负荷抗阻训练在肌力的改善上优于中等强度有氧训练,是一种改善老年人体适能的有效方法。Objective To explore the effect of low-load resistance training on physical fitness in aged adults.Methods Select the aged adults who will go to the outpatient Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Peking Union Medical College Hospital between June 1,2020 and May 31,2021.The aged adults were randomly divided into three groups by using the method of random number table:medium intensity aerobic training group(aerobic training group),standard-load resistance training group(standard-load group)and low-load resistance training group(low-load group).The basic information,exercise endurance(peak power,peak oxygen uptake),exercise cardiopulmonary function[peak heart rate,predicted peak heart rate,peak minute ventilation(VE),ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide at anaerobic threshold(EqCO2 during AT)],muscle strength,and muscle oxygen related indexes were collected blindly before the first exercise and after 12 weeks of training,respectively.To compare the differences of the indexes before and after training.Results A total of 90 patients were enrolled,30 in each group.There was no significant difference in age,sex,height,weight and body mass index among the three groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in cardiopulmonary endurance,cardiopulmonary function,muscle strength,muscle oxygen related indexes between the groups before and after training(P>0.05).Except for the indexes related to cardiac function(peak heart rate,predicted peak heart rate)and resting muscle oxygen level(P>0.05),other indexes related to pulmonary function,cardiopulmonary endurance,muscle strength,and time of muscle oxygen falling to the valley in the three groups were statistically significant compared with those before training(P<0.05).Except for peak power,peak oxygen uptake and time of muscle oxygen falling to the valley(P>0.05),the difference of muscle strength before and after training in the three groups was statistically significant(P<0.05),including grip strength,chest push,sitting rowing,leg extension,hip abduction,body be

关 键 词：老年人 低负荷抗阻训练 体适能 

分 类 号：R49[医药卫生—康复医学]